Revolution
Revolution (v.frz.: révolution Circulation; out lat.: revolvere back-roll) in different sciences one treats.
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Revolution (sociology)
Generally
A revolution designates in that always one radical and usually, however not always one violent Umsturz(versuch) existing political and social conditions, which is carried by an organized (not necessarily secret) grouping of Neuerern and which finds support of larger population parts (compares: Elite, , Mass movement). But "peaceful revolutions" are possible also (see below). Often the term becomes that Emancipation in addition taken, the idea of a social or political liberty gain for the particular. The value of the individual criteria for the definition of a revolution is quite disputed.
Ohne de Wenn radical social change only one organization or a closely linked social network (if necessary with relatively slight mass basis) the revolution undertakes, calls one this Coup d'etat or, in particular under participation of the military, as Putsch. Here the "Revolutions" term is used often afterwards as justification.
The term "revolution" becomes also related, if the social change those Speed (Rapidity) goes off, approximately for those global several thousand years continuing "Neolithi revolution"(see Steinzeit), for the triumphant advance of the Capitalism or for those Industrielle revolution (s. A. Industrialization).
Sociological one theoretician/inside the "revolution"
- Vilfredo Pareto (revolution as a special form that Elite separation),
- Max webers (in Europe/North America required that Capitalism at the beginning of a radical not-economical - religious - change of mentality, in shape of the Protest anti-mash),
- Eugen Rosenstock Huessy (the European revolutions as succession of Stand evolutions, beginning with "papalen revolution" of the against the medieval and ending with "proletarian Revolution"),
- Ralf Dahrendorf ("revolution" as more radically and more rapidly social change, causes through intensive and/or by force social conflicts),
- Theda Skocpol (lasting revolutions are above all farmer revolutions)
Theoretically innovatively arguing revolutionaries and revolutionary inside
- (each society, in which a form of the "possession at means of production" permits it, itself human Work to subject, ends inevitably by revolution or fall; to differentiate "revolutions of the productive forces" are from the "revolutions of production conditions" caused by it),
- Friedrich Engels (Work and their control through those solved first Revolution out, those the "gameness" (human primeval times) terminated and those that Beginning that was, and become by those the latter Revolution to be optimally disposed, in that that End of history - the end "of the realm of the necessity" - and the beginning of the "realm that Liberty"will become possible),
- Pink Luxembourg (der Imperialism thereby the last defense possibility is of the Capitalism - in the alliance with that Proletariat colonial powers - before the locking world-wide proletarian revolution),
- Lenin (the last revolution can by the structure of one A cadre party the proletarian revolutionary become forced),
- Anton Pannekoek (parties and trade unions - including the Leninistic - are unfit forms for the fight of the working class for its emancipation, everything come on those the female workers and workers on)
as well as Danton, , Saint Just, Robespierre, Símon Bolívar, Bakunin, Mahatma Gandhi, Leo Trotzki, Mao Zedong, Camilo Torres, Kwame Nkrumah, Ho Chi Minh, Che Guevara, Ali Schariati, Guy Debord and others revolutionaries of the to .
Practical man of the revolution
Radical and rapid social change ("revolutions") attached also to successful political, often also charismatische Pers, deren soziologische Urteilskraft sich eher nur implizit erschlieand deren soziale Wirkung jedoch bewusst und gewollt revolutionwar 和wie bereits 在der Antike zum Beispiel Solon oder Caesar, in for example Harald beautiful hair or Petrol the large one and in that Modern times for example Pombal, Cromwell or Atatuerk.
Social revolutions in the broader sense
Political revolutions
- First as "revolution" designated revolution was those Glorious revolution in .
- American war of independence - (Declaration of independence of the USA )The liberty leads the people, Eugène Delacroix 1830
- July revolution (France 1830)
- November rebellion in and subsequent years
- Februarrevolution and June rebellion (France 1848)
- Revolutions in , Italy, (March revolution)
- Paris municipality
- Russian revolution 1905
- Mexican revolution 1910 and subsequent years
- Russian revolutions 1917: (February revolution and October Revolution)
- November revolution in 1918/1919, including that Soviet republics in (Resident of Munich soviet republic) and (Of Bremen soviet republic)
- Cuban revolution 1956 -
- Carnation revolution in
- Revolution in (see also Pathet Lao)
- Nicaraguan revolution
- Islamic revolution in Iran
- Those spontaneous and forceless revolution in that GDR /
- Those Samtene revolution in Georgien 2003
- The Orangene revolution in that 2004
Mental revolutions
- "Kopernikani Revolution "(replacement of the by that heliozentrische Conception of the world at the beginning of that Modern times - that Heliozentrismus even already was in that of erfolgert)
- Those revolution, in which humans lost his privileged position in nature (s. A. Darwinismus)
- "sexual revolution", often with that Discovery of the unconscious one through Sigmund Freud equated
- "Culture revolution« and subsequent years in China, Germany, in addition, in France, that and other western countries
Inflationierte of "Revolutions" terms in the field that public opinion designate often only a change of style (Decaying evolutions).
See also: Paradigm change.
Technical revolutions (Marxist: "revolutions of the productive forces")
- Neolithi revolution (transition of Wildbeutertum too Agriculture and Cattle breeding approx.. 15.000 v. Chr. - the transition to )
- Industrielle revolution in / (see also Industrialization)
- Electronic revolution or , , Disaster, Reform, Revolution (youth organization), Social change, Coup d'etat, Second industrielle revolution, Kondratjew cycle
Revolution (political science)
Example of a beginning:The today's revolution theory particularly puts five main factors out, which seem to represent substantial conditions for the emergence of a revolution. Is to be refrained from the special case of the developing countries.- a sudden recession after a time of economical bloom, rising prosperity and rising expectations into the future.
- a consciousness, which questions the existing institutions.
- solidarizing different groups of the society, which different motives have to be dissatisfied with the existing condition and itself for the revolution of the old order temporarily groups. An individual group, layer or a class of the society do not accomplish a revolution.
- an ideology.
- Weakness, disagreement and Ineffektivitaet on sides of the counter acting forces, the state.
- with Skatspiel the variant "Zero ouvert Hand", with which the opposing players may exchange the maps. Only with hobby rounds, not in the official Skatregeln (there it is anyway only announced, if it cannot be lost).
- Alternative one to well-known Quizsendungen: Who does revolutionary become?
- Category:Revolution
- Anarchismus,General strike, Class warfare, Marxism, Political theatre, Advice communism, Sabotage, Situationisti international ones, Subversion, Socialism,
- Civil revolution, Earlycivil revolution
- Différance
- Hobsbawm, Eric: European revolutions. 1789 to 1848. Zurich, 1962
- : Over the revolution, Munich, 1963
After: E. Point, The break-through of the middle class. 1776-1847. Propylaeen history of Europe, Bd. 4. Berlin 1978, 96f.
See also: Revolution (politics)
Revolution (astronomy)
In that (become outdated) is one Revolution the umlaufbewegung that around those - from here the expression became Revolution generally taken over.
Revolution (play)
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