Interface
One Interface ( interface [??nt?fe?s or with other systems serves. An interface becomes by a quantity of Rules described, that Interface description. Apart from the description, which functions are present and like it are used belonged to the interface description also so mentioned Contract, that those the individual functions describes.
interfaces offer the advantage that components or Modules, which support the same interface, against each other can be exchanged, i.e. they are to each other compatibly.
It occurs frequently that two participants that Communication different, but to each other suitable interfaces to possess must (z.B. Plug and Socket).
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Hardware interfaces
Hardware interfaces are interfaces between physical systems. With it patch cords are meant mostly. Those Specification a hardware interface consists usually of two parts: the physical one (plug, allocation of the individual veins) and a logical one (that Transmission protocol that Physical layer). Examples of hardware interfaces are among other things , MIDIConnections, SCARTPlug, etc.. See also Input impedance and Output resistance with an interface.
Hardware interfaces are far common in the computer engineering. Industrial standards it ensures for example for the fact that PC an open system is, out Components different manufacturer to be built up can. Examples of hardware interfaces in computers to be used are that PCI bus, SCSI, , Firewire and the older EIA-232 (also as RS-232 or V.24 admits).
One differentiates between parallel and more serially (hard being e) interfaces, depending upon that whether several to be at the same time transferred can (see Parallel data communication). In the context of Peripheral devices for computers is also parallel interface generally that IEEE 1284Connection meant, which is usually used for the printer; as serial interface designates one in this connection the outdated EIA-232Interface.
Software interfaces
Software interfaces or Data interfaces are logical Points of contact in a software system: they define, like commands and data between different Processes and Components are exchanged. One differentiates interfaces to the access to system routines, for communication with other processes and for connecting individual software components (modules) of a program.
System interface
The system interface makes the access to functions for a program possible and Resources of the how , HTTP, etc.. can be understood as IPC interfaces.
Interfaces for program components
Interfaces for program components are a formal declaration, which functions are present and can like them be addressed. That has the advantage that Modules, which possess the same interface, against each other can be exchanged. Also it is in this way possible to develop different components at the same time without first must be finished around second to translate. Such interfaces serve the modularity of one Software architecture.
An early example of such component interfaces are Header files, like it in and to be used. Particularly importantly interfaces are however for Program libraries, only to Running time are loaded (so mentioned Dynamic libraries): They permit it to recognize which program needs which library in which version.
Interfaces (English have a special meaning interface) in that Object-oriented programming: Here they are used, over for certain Classes to specify, which Methods they to support must and in which places Instances this class to be used may. the affiliation of an instance to a certain interface means one actualinRelation. See in addition Interfaces in object-oriented programming.
User interfaces
User interfaces (or Man-machine interfaces) the point is, to humans with equipment interacted. That the control elements of a stereoanlage can be, in addition, those Graphic user surface a modern computer or a simple .
Machine interfaces
Machine interfaces the point is, to equipment and/or. a machine with further equipment and/or. with a further machine interacted. Such an interface is described as follows.
Physical data
Mechanical parameters:
- Local layer (length, width, height related to a point of reference which can be specified)
- Dimensions (length, width, height, if necessary. other dimensions of the mechanical interface, z.B. Hole spacings or diameters for attachment)
- Liaison vehicles (kind and situation)
- Necessary forces and moments, in order to ensure a static certainty of the system (z.B. Torques for screws, rivet joints)
- Situation of the kraftangriffspunkte
- Dynamic loads (z.B. Oscillations, explosions)
- Pressures (max., min. with hydraulics, pneumatics, if necessary. when promotion)
- During material handling (also air or liquids): Kind of the material and quantity for each time unit (min., max.)
- Non electric forms of energy at the interface (pneumatics, hydraulics)
Electrical parameters:
- Situation and kind of the electrical Verbindung(en)
- Electrical tension (min., max.)
- Electric current (min., max.)
- Further, necessary information about line data (kind and cross section), grounding
- System parameter of electrical controls
Thermal parameters:
- System temperatures (max., min.)
Chemical data
- Necessary material properties of the construction materials of the origin system and the systems which can be attached
- If necessary characteristics material which can be promoted
Literature
- Wulf R. Halfoh: Interface. Medium and communication-theoretical elements of an interface theory. Finch, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-7705-2934-0
See also
