Scotland

Scotland
Scotland (English/Lowland Scots)
Alba (Gälisch)

(Detail) (detail) (detail)
head of state	queen Elizabeth II.
First Minister	Jack McConnell
capital	Edinburgh
surface	78.782 km ²
population	5.062.011 (2001)
population density	64Inhabitant per km ²
currency	Pound of Sterling with own Scottish notes of the bank OF Scotland, Royal bank OF Scotland (both Edinburgh) and Clydesdale bank (Glasgow); Coins as in England. Characteristic: 1-Pfundnote; it gives in England not and becomes there alsodoes not accept. English notes accepted this in Scotland easily, did not turn around despite legal obligation always the case.
Time belt	UTC, summer time: +1 UTC
national anthem	God save the Queen, Flower OF Scotland, it becomes unofficial toodetermined causes in addition, Scots Wha Hae or Scotland the good ones easily.
Internet TLD	.gb and .uk (no own).

Scotland (Gälisch: Alba, lat. - kelt.: Caledonia) is a country in the northwest of Europe and part of the united Kingdom of Great Britainand Northern Ireland. Scotland consists of the northern part of the largest European island Great Britain and several Inselgruppen, i.e. the Shetlandinseln, Orkneys and the internal and outside Hebriden.

Table of contents 1 Geografie 2 climate of 3 largest cities 4 population 5 Language 6 history 7 famous personalities 8 culture 9 religion 10 educational system 11 economics 12 politics and administration 13 literature 14 Web on the left of

Geografie

Scotland forms the northern part of the island Great Britain and covers for instance a third for thatSurface. Scotland divides itself in three geographical regions: the Highlands, the cent ral Belt and the Southern Uplands. The highest mountain of Scotland (and completely Great Britain) is the Ben Nevis, with away William. It belongs to the Munros.

The Southern Uplands lain south is more strongly England coined/shaped due to the lighter entrance to these regions. Thus the cultural differences in the two areas resulted.

The most densely populated area is the so-called cent ral Belt between Edinburgh and Glasgow.

climate

the climate in Scotland is moderate and tendentious very variable. At the Atlantic regions it is warmed up by the gulf stream and is therefore much more warmly than areas in comparable degrees of latitude as for example Oslo, Norway.The temperatures are nevertheless lower than in the remainder of Great Britain. Scotland Hochmoore reached in January 1982 with round- 27.2 °C in Braemar in the Grampian Mountains the lowest temperatures, which were ever measured in Great Britain. The summer temperatures lie over about18 °C. The highest measured temperature became to 9. August 2003 with 32,9 °C in Greycrook at the Scottish border noted. Generally the west is warmer as the east of Scotland, there by the gulf stream the water of the Atlantiks more warmly thanthat the North Sea is. The Western Highlands is heaviest-rainfall with 3,000 mm annual precipitation. In the winter is to be counted only in the altitudes regularly on snow.

largest cities

city	inhabitant 5. April of 1991	inhabitants 29.April 2001
Glasgow	658,379	629,501
Edinburgh	400,632	430,082
Aberdeen	182,133	184,788
Dundee	157,808	154,674
Paisley	73,925	74,170
East Kilbride	70,579	73,796
Hamilton	49,988	48,546
Cumbernauld	49,507	49,664
Greenock	49,267	45,467
Ayr	47,962	46,431
Kirkcaldy	47,274	46,912
Coatbridge	43,467	41,170
Kilmarnock	43.207	43,588
Livingston	42,178	50,826
Perth	41,724	43,450
Inverness	40,918	40,949
Dunfermline	39,068	39,229
Glenrothes	38,320	38,679
Airdrie	36,842	36,326
Irvine	33,406	33,090
Dumfries	31,936	31,146
Falkirk	31,399	32,379
MON-ago-wave	30,769	30,311
Stirling	29,768	32,673
Wishaw	29,574	28,565
Clydebank	29.171	29,858
Bearsden	27,707	27,967
Bishopbriggs	23,825	23,118
Arbroath	23,680	22,785
Dumbarton	21,797	20,527
Bellshill	21,624	20,705
Renfrew	20,764	20,251
Kirkintilloch	20,624	20,281
Musselburgh	20,261	22,112
haven Glasgow	19,426	16,617
Newton Mearns	19,342	22,637
Elgin	19,338	20,829

population

The Scots come ethnical from the Skoten (i.e. Gälen), Pikten, the British, fishing rod Saxonia and Skandinaviern off.

language

In Scotland three languages are spoken: English, Scots and Scottish Gäli (self-designation: Gàidhlig).

Nearly all Scots speak Scottish standard English.The Meldeamt accepts that 30% of the population speak beside it Scots (Scottish) flowing, a westGermanic language used with the English. Somewhat more as 1% of the population indicate than native language Gälisch, a celtic language, similarly to the Irish one. Only on EileanSiar gives it still another Gälisch speaking majority, which reflects itself also in the official gälischen name of the island. Nearly all Gälisch speakers control also English nevertheless flowing.

When king mounted James VI English throne, became at the Scottish yard and inParliament Scottish (also admits as Lowland Scots or Lallans, a Scottish dialect is exactly taken which) written and spoken.

Both English and Scottish are recognized by the Scottish parliament as office languages, both with the same respect, but not with thatsame priority. Gälisch was recognized officially 2005 by „the Gaelic LANGUAGE (Scotland) act”. Scottish officially as „regional language or minority language “recognition on basis of the European Charter for regional and minority languages (the European charter for regional or Minority LANGUAGEs), which2001 were ratified by the UK and by the Scottish executive in the Partnership Agreement 2003 were supported. The project „Scottish dictionary “is financially supported by national side.

history

major item: History of Scotland

• since approx. 10,000 v. Chr. first Zuwanderungover the land bridge, which to approximately 4,000 v.Chr. the British islands with the European mainland connects and then by the sea rise due to the melting of the ice-age glaciers disappears. The earliest inhabitants are mesolitische hunters and Fischer and/or. starting from approximately 4.500v.Chr. immigrating neolitische farmers.
• 6,000 v. Chr. Earliest archaeological referring to human settlements and cult places.
• 82 - 208 n. Chr. The Romans march several times into the region, can put however no durable rule up. The Hadrianswall becomes in the years122 to 128 between the deltas of Tyne and Solway built and becomes the final north border of Roman Britannien.
• 503 the Skoten, Celt from Ireland, lands at the west coast of Scotland.
• The Skoten and Pikten unites 843 Kenneth Mac alpine oneas a nation. This celtic monarchy lasts up to the end of the regency from Macbeth in the year 1057.
• 1057 Malcolm III. Macbeth kills and becomes king. Under its rule the English influence becomes strong.
• 1296 Annexion of Scotland by English king Edward I.
• 1314 battle of Bannockburn: The Scots under Robert the Bruce strike the Englishmen, aforementioned from Edward II.
• One touches down to 1320 the Declaration OF Arbroath. It is to bring the Pope to recognize the Scottish independence from England. ThatPope accepts the explanation.
• 1603 James VI. by Scotland, son Maria Stuarts, becomes king James I. of England. Thus the two crowns are combined. Scotland and England remain separate kingdoms under a monarch.
• 1692 with the massacre of Glencoe38 members of the MacDonald clan on arrangement of the English government in a punitive action are murdered. This event burned itself deeply into Scottish national consciousness.
• 1707 act OF union: Scotland is formally combined with England to the Kingdom of Great Britain. Scotlandits parliament dissolves and sends delegates into the parliament of Westminster.
• 1746 battle with Culloden: The last Scottish rebellion aforementioned of prince Charles Edward Stuart (“Bonnie Prince Charlie “) is bloodily struck down.
• starting from 1780 Highland Clearances:To create beginning of driving out of Kleinbauern (“Crofters”) around place for sheep breed.
• Scotland reaches 1820 the industrielle revolution. Shipbuilding, coal mines, iron and steel huts replace the textile economy as Scotland Hauptindustrie.
• 1975 the first oil are ashore pumped by the North Sea.Scotland becomes an oil promoting country.
• 1997 the Scottish population tunes with overwhelming majority for an own parliament with limited authority within the united kingdom.
• 1999 a new Scottish parliament are selected. It becomes in the future over internal-Scottish affairs andIncome taxes to decide can.

see also: Prince von Schottland

famous personalities

• John Logie Baird
• Alexander Graham Bell
• Robert the Bruce
• Giolla Crìost Brùilingeach
• Robert Burns
• Gerard Butler
• Andrew Carnegie
• Jim Clark
• Sileas ne Ceapaich
• Sir Sean Connery
• Billy Connolly
• David Coulthard
• Kenny Dalglish
• Derek William thickly
• Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
• John Boyd Dunlop
• Sir Alexander Fleming
• Stephen Hendry
• David Hume
• John Knox
• Mairearad Nighean a laughter layman
• David Livingstone
• a layman Lom
• Lachlann MacMhuirich
• Robert Roy MacGregor
• Ewan McGregor
• Allan Pinkerton
• Dougray Scott
• Sir walter Scott
• Adam Smith
• Robert Louis Stevenson
• Jackie Stewart
• James Stirling
• Maria Stuart
• Paul Thomson
• Sir William Wallace
• James Watt

of culture

of the Dudelsack, the Kilts and the whisky are the most well-knownScottish cultural properties, whereby all three do not have a Scottish origin. The whisky was distilled first by catholic monks in Ireland and was then landed in the framework by Missionierungen in Scotland. The Dudelsack comes from small Asia and the Kilt became first intoLondon carried (only the Feileadh beag, or small Kilt not the Feileadh mòr, large Kilt). Shortbread (butter, spraying pastry), Haggis, Harris Tweed and the Scottish clan system are also extensively well-known against it Scottish origin and.

The clan system, above allin the Highlands, a Scottish characteristic represents. A few the most well-known clan are:

• MacGregor
• Stewart
• MacDonald
• MacLeod
• Robertson
• Campbell
• MacKenzie
• MacPherson

regular take place “highland the games in such a way specified” (high land plays).

There is no official national anthem, howevertraditionally Scotland the good ones is used; particularly with football - and Rugby - plays however Flower OF Scotland the Scottish volume The Corries is to be heard.

religion

see also:

• Church OF Scotland
• Free Church OF Scotland
• free PresbyterianiChurch of Scotland
• Scottish Episcopal Church

census from the year 2001:

Religion	per cent of the population
Church OF Scotland	42%
ORB	28%
Roman-catholic	16%
other Christians	7%
Islam	0,8%
Buddhismus	0,1%
Sikhismus	0,1%
Judentum	0,1%
Hinduismus	0,1%
other religions	0,5%
no answer	5%

educational system

see to educational system in the united kingdom

economics

Scotland is beside Ireland the center of the Whisky industry. The second liquid won there is that North Sea oil; the center of the oil promotion is Aberdeen. Here the oil business replaced the fishery long. Main export product is however computer often commodity. As example e.g. is. To call skirt star North, which has its offices in Edinburgh.

A Scottish peculiarity gives itwith the currency. In Scotland, like in the remainder of the united kingdom, in Pound Sterling is paid - however the three large Scottish banks bank of Scotland, Royal bank OF Scotland and Clydesdale bank may publish their own notes.Together with the notes of the bank OF England there are four different cash notes in each nominal value in Scotland thus.

politics and administration

Scotland are governed by a “first Minister” (comparably a German Prime Minister). It has its seatin Edinburgh, where also the Scottish parliament has its seat. Head of state is the respective British monarch, at present thus queen Elizabeth II.

The executive force lies beside the Scottish parliament further also at the parliament of the united kingdom inWestminster, whereby this also it can outvote decisions, which that one made.

See also:

• Administrative arrangement of Scotland
• traditional counties of Scotland

literature

• Hermann writer, Scotland - the history of a country at the edge of Europe, Casimir Katz publishing house, ISBN 3-925825-41-X
• MarkusHilpert/Bernhard Kräusslich (Hrsg.), Scotland: social and economiceconomics Exkursion, Augsburg 2004, 252 S., ISBN 3-923273-55-X

Web on the left of

Wikipedia on Scottish Gälisch

Wikipedia on Scots

• visitscotland-- Official side of the “Scottish tourist board”
• the Scotland portal -- General and special information approximately around Scotland
• a Scotland journey -- Private side with pictures and map to the journey by Scotland with the car
• Schottlandgeschichte.de-- Extensive time board to history as well asInformation to the country, to the clan MacLeod and to the whisky
• music in Scotland
• Scottish Hebriden
• Scottish Sonnenuhren
• Undiscoveredscotland -- Very extensive travel side over Scotland (English)
• scottishdevelopmentinternational -- Official side of the promotion of economy development