Sitcom

Those Sitcom (briefly for situation comedy, German: Situation comedy) is an originally US-American within the range that Television broadcasts and becomes usually as radiated, whereby it has its origins into the American Radio-Comedy-show of the 30's and 40's-years (Amos ' n Andy, The of gold mountain). Situationskomik designates the humorous argument with a momentarily available situation by an involved one; a characteristic of the Sitcom is therefore the constant, fast succession of Gags, punchlines and amusing moments, however in the context of a dramatic action and thus contrary to Comedy-show, with which Sketche are gereiht together. The series rather rarely gets a consciously dramatic element as in Roseanne, Sex and the town center and Scrubs.

Typical exterior characteristic of the classical Sitcom is the recording in the studio: The actors act on a looking box stage; with interiors the fourth wall and the ceiling become never visible in the picture. For the action from it a restriction of the scenes follows after few, always recurring places. Frequently also external scenes are similar to that such as street corners or garden plants as window blinds in the studio copied - aesthetically Soap opera. The stage effect strengthened by the play of the actors to the stage ramp and for the television public audible laughters of the Studiopublikums, the so-called laugh TRACKS.

In the German radiant emittance American series are usually under-painted by brought in Lacher (so-called laugh TRACKS or canned more laughter), since the consequences are noted before public and its laughter for the synchronization no more cannot be used.

Since the public in each consequence is to be immediately by right, the basic principle of the series may never change, it is, actors (and thus its roles) separates themselves or is added. Generally the happening follows one zirkulaeren dramaturgy - the figures are as intelligent at the end of the episode as before. This has the consequence that Sitcoms have in principle a rather conservative adjustment. Series characters may not die therefore (the famous exception: John Goodman in Roseanne), or serious and/or. tragic events experience (rape, "dirty divorce", murder, suicide, abortion).

Sitcoms are usually as halfhour TV format put on; the net running time of a consequence (Dh. those Running time without Advertising interruptions) amounts to thus between 22 and 24 minutes.

With series, how , Friends o.ae. Sitcoms had its high point center until the end of the 90's.

Table of contents

Origins in the USA

When first Sitcom, which coined/shaped and quasi invented the category, applies I Love Lucy of and with the US-American actress and Komikerin Lucille ball. 1948 had appeared it in a radio ending as an easily moved wife and had been successful. CBS asked it thereupon to develop a television broadcast. There Lucille ball and their married man Desi Arnaz, a Cuban Bandleader, to co-operate, conceived they wanted an action around an easily moved wife and its married man, a Bandleader. This spreading the reality into the television fiction became a typical characteristic of US-American Sitcoms (s. Cybil Shepherd).

In order to be able to radiate the show in the different time belts of the USA in each case to the best transmitting time, it was taken up on film (television broadcasts became at that time usually in KinescopeProcedure taken up, thus of a screen abgefilmt). With this qualitative improvement cleared I Love Lucy also the way for those Syndication, the marketing by repetition with local fernsehstationen.

So that Lucille ball could out-play their amusing talent, the transmission was noted nevertheless before a public, so that ball could react to Lacher and tendencies of the spectators. The laughter of the public was audible for the viewer; the feeling developed to attend a live-ereignis. Sitcom productions until today maintain this Setting - the recording on film before a Studio public -.

The third innovation, which is attributed to Desi Arnaz, was the 3-Camera-Setup: Three cameras are at the same time in a ditch between public and stage. A camera takes up the happening in a total one, the other two concentrates on the acting and reacting figures. From the three film strips, which took up the same happening from three different perspectives, the show is together-cut later. Also this technology remained until today a standard.

The trend to give to cinema actors the main roles in series applies also increased to Sitcoms. Examples are Geena Davis, Michael J. Fox and Charlie Sheen. Turned around many well-known filmschauspieler created straight due to the Sitcom their break-through, z.B. (Mork of the Ork); (taxi) or Michael J. Fox (Family Ties).

Special case Parodie

In the USA the Sitcom is since a half century a firmly introduced size with the strictest dramaturgischen rules of all series categories. Therefore - from the knowledge of these strict rules - a special category in the USA could be established: those Sitcom Parodie. Here humor i develops.D.R. from the refraction of the expectation of the public to see a typical Sitcom situation or the typical dissolution of such a situation. Most well-known examples are the long-current series "" (Married With Children) and the Zeichentrick Sitcom "The Simpsons" (The Simpsons).

Development of Germany

There the German television landscape up to the beginning of the Private television formatting of category actually knew, cannot speak one not of the fact that there was a "German Sitcom". Nevertheless there were transmissions, which were manufactured in the American production way. The most well-known transmission is safe A heart and a soul of Wolfgang quantity, like their American version All into the Family (1971-1979) an adaptation of the British BBC Sitcom Till death DO US part (1965-1975) is.

With the liberalisation of the television market above all the private--commercial television stations tried to produce in American design German Sitcoms. To these attempts belong for example Four-stone of Pro filters or Under a cover of RTLplus. These transmissions were however little successful at the television public. This is possibly on the orientation of the responsible persons at the successful Sarkasmus the o.e. To lead back Sitcom Parodien, which does not have a reference framework in the German linguistic area (the Sitcom is, in contrast to the Parodie, not maliciously their characters opposite).

RTL began then to manufacture halfhour fiktionale series with a stress on Komik and amusing actions. These series are not necessarily in the studio and not turned before public; usually also in the coming in RA procedure. In demarcation to the US-American Sitcom RTL calls these productions Comedy series. To the most well-known Comedy series with RTL belong Nikola (also Mariele Millowitsch), The campers and Ritas world (also Gaby Koester). Sat1 produced also Caretaker ruffle (also Tom Gerhardt) a classical Studio Sitcom, in addition Anke (also Anke Engelke). These series are very successful at the German public - partially -.

Examples

The category of the Sitcoms can be partitioned naturally further, to z. B.

Literature

  • Daniela Holzer: The German Sitcom
  • David Grote: The end to OF Comedy: The Sit com and the Comedic tradition

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