Tarot
Tarot (maskulinum or neutrum) is a 78-Blatt-Kartensatz, with that different Packs of cards are played, the Tarot or also Tarock are called. The maps become, usually in special remarks, also as interpretation tools uses. Additionally to the usual 52-Karten-Blatt the card record four contains ridersKnight (arranged between Bube/PAGE and ladyQueen), a Joker/Fool and 21 mapmap maps.
Tarot as pack of cards
With this deck, however usually with one Variant without esoterische Symbols, becomes in France wide-spread Pack of cards named Tarot (rules see Tarot (pack of cards)) easily, from its developing history as one the oldest in Europe to apply can. There are very many variants of this Play. Some of it are in Italy and Austria as Tarocchi or Tarock admits. That Bavarian Tarock possibly descends from a similar play, differs today however considerably from it and resembles rather that Sheep head and that Skat.
The history of the Tarotspielkarten is up to the end of the 18. Century identically to that of the Tarots used as interpretation tool. Since then contain of deck, which are explicitly meant as interpretation tools, increasingly symbolic contents.
Tarot as "interpretation tool"
More well-known as the pack of cards the use of the Tarot is too in Germany mirror-image-ritual, esoterischen, psychological and divinatorischen (wahrsagerischen) purposes. In this connection the Tarot (or only the large Arkana) becomes often also as Initiationsweg understood.
History of the Tarots
Spielkarten are in Europe since the end of the 14. Century admits, as itself from documentary mentions of 1367, Berne, and results in somewhat later. They seem to have spread very fast over completely Europe, as one from mentions to conclude can, refer usually to prohibitions of the pack of cards. Over the organization and the number of these maps only few are well-known, substantial information alone gives a text of the Johannes of Rheinfelden 1377 from Freiburg in mash gau, apart from other versions than fundamental play the imer still common 4x13-Blatt calls, whereby mainly king, Upper and under ("marshals") as yard maps to be called, but ladies or queens already admits are.
It is assumed, that first from the Islamic world in 14. Century a sentence from 52 spielkarten to Europe came, of four colors consisted and the maps of the small Arkana corresponds. The origin of the 22 maps of the large Arkana is not by any means "unsettled" (contradictory to many InterNet announcements and Tarotbuechern), separate in many details documented and admits (more than with some other objects, their origin as "clarified" is regarded). Many Esoteriker believed, that these (with or without small Arkana) up Egyptian andor Hebrew-kabbalistischen Wisdom teachings are based, and some assumed even that Origin the Tarots in Atlantis. However there are no proofs.
The name Tarot (also Taraux or Tarocchi) appears parallel in the year 1505 both in France and in Italy in Ferrara - which belongs to this time (Milan is occupied of 1500-1512 by France) politically to the side of France. Far this time ago however already very many Tarotkarten and Tarot similar compositions are either as do-material play map sheets or occupied by documents - only the designation "Tarot" was missing. Instead the term "Trionfi" was used (in different forms - triumphi, ludus triumphorum etc..). The oldest "Trionfi play" (it however only in the year 1449 so mentioned) developed in the Zeitaum 1418 - 1425, probably 1424/1425 and were at the same time the perhaps most expensive of all times and cost 1500 Dukaten (this price 1447 mentioned). It is occupied by three different sources (an instruction book, latest 1425 one wrote, that the play describes, a letter from 1449, the acquisition and dispatch of the play to the article have and the note in a Vita of the Filippo Maria Visconti 1447, the unbelievably seeming high price calls. The play had (probably) altogether 60 maps, and 16 of them did not show Greek divinities and thus by any means motives, which one generally assigns to the Tarotkarten. The painter is well-known: Michelino there Besozzo, the some of its contemporaries as the best painter of their time regarded. The play is lost.
The oldest use of the word "Trionfi" in connection with spielkarten is occupied for February 1442 in Ferrara, as the painters Sagramoro (already before employed with orders for play map), Money for the production of four Trionfi sheets received. Another earlier document of 1.1.1441 does not use the expression "Trionfi" yet, however it seems to concern with the produced article (Sagramoro is again a painter) 14 special maps, the "Trionfi map character" have. In October 1441 a Trionfi map production is assumed to a wedding - these maps to have terilweise keep (67 maps) and are today in the Cary Yale museum (as Visconti Modrone or Cary Yale Tarocchi designates). It had - so far recognizably - only partial motives for motivemotive, in the so-called standard Tarot to be used and it yielded from the standard structure (there were additional yard maps, female PAGES and female knights). For specific reasons one assumes, that this play had a 5x16-Struktur.
A further play (Brera Brambilla Tarocchi) is to be likewise assigned to this early period, since however only 2 truempfe kept, this find supplies with only to few information.
Into all of these early mentions and still existing products (1424/1425 and 1441/1442 is either the May countries duke Filippo Maria Visconti (1392 - 1447) complicated or its daughter Bianca Maria, in the winter the 1440/1441 to one 1/2-yearlyvisit in Ferrara apparent stayed and play and organization idea transported there to.
After these early mentions further document notes follow to Trionfi plays only in the year 1450 and briefly after it, then however frequently and equivalent at several places parallel (from this connection can be assumed, that the actual Tarotspiel in these two fuerstlichen families - Este in Ferrara and Visconti in Milan - its beginning found).
1450 become it for Milan, Ferrara and Florenz mention and in the year 1452 show Sigismondo Malatesta (Rimini) interest. A delivered play, the so-called Pierpont Morgan Bergamo Tarocchi (also Visconti Sforza Tarocchi) is assigned for the year 1452 and it served for a long time as argument, that the Tarotspiel is complete now now. In the composition only 4 maps are missing and from 22 specially designed cards only to 2 - one assumed, that 4 maps were lost (from the originals 35 is in the Pierpont Morgan LIBRARY, 26 in that Accademia Carrara, 13 in that Casa Colleoni, and 4 maps were lost. (the devil, the tower, the three of the swords and the knights of the coins).
Closer analyses resulted in however, that this play was produced by 2 different artists, 6 of the 20 mapmap maps comes from other one, later hand. Long time one "replaced" this circumstance with "lost gone" and interpreted... today steps as alternative opinion beside it, it only one play with 5x14-Struktur gave, that one extended later.
(later) a document of 1457 speaks clearly of 70 (= 5x14) Trionfi maps, not of 78.
The step to the play with 22 mapmap maps is assumed for the period 1460-1470, to the today's standard play with devil and tower for the period the 1470-1480. Probably only in this late period the play found for mass production, a development, those the general spreading of pressure and vervielfaeltigungstechniken in this time in Italy accompanied. In the period 1490-1510 a successful play map export structure developed, in Lyon (France) the Tarot as play participated in this development.
Tarot (Tarock, Tarocchi) as play became an internationally spread success product in 18. Century, the interest left in 19. Century again after.
The written esoterische tradition of the Tarot maps begins only 1781, as Antoine Court de Gébelin, a Swiss clergyman and freimaurer, the book Le of moons Primitif published; a popular paper over religious symbols and their modern use. Gébelin referred as the first to the symbols of the Marseiller Tarots, which it as indication that Mysterien the Egyptian divinities Isis and Toth interpreted. Those knew proofs for it Aegyptologie do not supply, this theory is also today still far common nevertheless.
The "discovery" of the Tarots was more influential by okkultistisch esoterische societies, in the second half of the 19. Century in the western nations developed. Above all Eliphas Levi in its 1854 published work Dogme et Rituel de la struck magic as well as of it strongly affected Hermetic order OF the golden Dawn (hermetic medal of golden morning redness; in the following one Golden Dawn) contributed considerably to the spreading of the Tarots as interpretation system. In particular in Golden Dawn became much value on the Tarot as tool (same t) realization put. Both rejected a purely divinatorische use of the Tarots.
On Levi also considerably the unification of the Tarots with elements goes to that Kabbala and the four elements that Alchemie back. Gébelins idea of the Egyptian origin of the Tarots maintain both Levi and that golden Dawn.
Within the Dawns was golden the Tarotdeck of Oswald Wirth (1889) very influential; this deck contains only the large Arkana. It is based on the Marseille Tarot, extends this however over kabbalistische and esoterische symbols. Both Arthur Edward Waite and Aleister Crowley (see below) were golden members of the Dawn.
The aspect of the Tarot as Initiationsweg became first times the in order the OF Golden Dawn stresses and can intensively for example on the basis the Rider Waite Tarot be studied (to individual deck see below). Still more strongly it steps with the Crowley Toth Tarot to day, that very strong linkages to Ordo Templi Orientis (OTO) exhibits. Crowley refers in the book Toth to it, parts of the symbolism only by OTO members of bestimter degrees to be seized can.
Function mode of the Tarot
There are in principle two explanation possibilities for it, why the result of a Tarot reading can have relevance for the answer of a question. The one is esoterisch spirituell, the other one psychologically.
Those esoterisch spirituelle or also magic Explanation reads Synchronizitaet, thus the existence of non-causal connections between different systems. There is according to this explanation model thus a parallelism between that, which is represented in a putting, and events in the life of the asking. The Synchronizitaet can be both consequence of a direct intervention of higher powers, and consequence of the general existence of such synchronous systems.
Those psychological Explanation does not assume that, which Maps in putting are present, separate uses the Tarot as projektives procedure, as mirrors of internal and outside processes. The Tarotbild is experienced quasi as a visual Gleichnis for own situation. (7)
There the Tarotkarten fundamental, typical human experiences symbolize, their sight calls a subtle emotional Reaction out, if the shown topic with the own presentness corresponds. In this light Tarot tool can to Self realization, for seeking out un or before-conscious feelings serve, it becomes Mirror own. Uebersinnliche perceptions are not to be expected however, since also the clearest mirror only shows, which faces it.
If at a putting a certain subtle Emotionalitaet revealed itself, this will not necessarily immediately thereafter again point itself to purity, if it itself discovered that feels Discovered does not wish, to turn out so easily again to the Oberlfaeche. A strain of uncertainty before the map putting is important. Repeated, consuming asking of the Tarot uses itself rapidly, brings at short notice no further realizations, why temporal distances between the questionings remain essential.
Tarot deck or sentence
Overview
Sentence or deck one calls a matching expenditure of the Tarotkarten. There are several hundreds of such decks, which itself partly only in details, partly however very substantially from each other differentiate. Of deck newer in particular, or such, substantially from most well-known deck differ, frequently together with a book are offered, that usually closer explanations concerning this special deck contains.
Also card records become occasional as Tarot offered, their structure and illustrations with the actual Tarot system anything to do do not have, so z.B. that LenormandDeck, Dump truck maps or true legend maps of other systems.
A Tarot deck consists mostly of 78 maps, some few deck deviate from this number. So z has.B. that University-verse-Alta-red by Maxwell Miller only 74 maps, there itself the artist out astrological and numerologischen Reasons decided, to remove the PAGE maps. In addition there are expenditures, which consist of 80 maps, since in the case of the pressure of the maps the paper sheets 80 maps result in. Therefore the two surplus maps with further pictures become occasional, with some expenditures of Aleister Crowley sketched Toth deck z.B. with rejected drafts for the Magier, printed on. Some interpretation systems refer these maps, by the creator of the deck as part of the deck were not regarded, into the interpretation also.
Further it gives some deck, only of the large Arkana consist.
The 78 maps divide into the so-called large and small Arkana, occasionally also the large and small Arkanum mentioned (lat of. arcanum Secret). More to the Arkana and the individual maps further down.
Most well-known and most influential deck
The Marseille Tarot
The today's Marseiller Tarot very something similar of deck originate already from the beginning of the 16. Century. That today as Marseille Tarot well-known deck originates from the year 1760 and comes from the mapsmanufaktur of Nicolas Conver out Marseille. The pictures decrease/go back to old holzstiche, and are only in blue, red, yellow and green koloriert. Thus they work very "old" and often grobschlaechtig. Nevertheless would be to be further accepted, that this color constellation to the four elements water, Fire, Air and earth remind, of basic importance also in the today's Tarot are. The maps of the small Arkanums contain only the appropriate number of the symbols, thus the ten of the swords for example the illustration of ten swords.
A deck originating from this tradition is the 1JJ, with that the maps The Paepstin and The Pope in Jupiter and Juno were renamed. This deck was in 19. Century, probably however as spielkarten, in particular in catholic areas likes to Switzerland.
Another deck, which in its execution against the Marseille Tarot leans closely, is the Oswald Wirth Tarot mentioned above.
The Rider Waite Tarot
This Tarot was published 1910. It production of Arthur Edward Waite as well as the American Kuensterlin Pamela Colman Smith. Waite was member above mentioned of the already Order OF the golden Dawn. That Rider the name leads itself of Rider & company, the Londoner publisher, off. This deck is substantially more finely drawn than the Marseille deck, used however likewise only few colors without any shade and affects thereby many humans somewhat comichaft.
The Rider Waite Tarot is characterised in particular by it, that it is the first deck, which on the number maps of the small Arkana not, as up to then usual, only the appropriate number of symbols contained, separate, like also the large Arkana, a szenisches picture. Thus these maps for many humans became more easily usable. This decreases/goes back however rather on Pamela Colman Smith as on Waite. Waite makes in its book this deck, The picture key to the Tarot (1), only very short, divinatorische data to the small Arkana, the partial to even contradict seem to the picture content. The ten of the swords for example is by the picture of a person who is because of the soil represented, are ten swords into their backs.
The Rider Waite deck contains many details and symbols, also most humans feel the explained scenes as interesting; but the deck does not affect many humans aesthetically nevertheless necessarily responding. Probably for this reason there are so many imitations from no deck. The so-called Rider Waite Clones are limited thereby to the renewed rendition of the motive of the original, but with other graphic means. An overview most well-known Rider Waite clones finds itself Learntarot. On the Rider Waite based of deck more or less take over contents of the represented scenes, represent these however in a new way. Most deck, which provide the number maps of the small Arkana with szenischen pictures, are based on the Rider Waite deck. Admitted of deck, those on the Rider Waite Tarot decrease/go back, is for example that Cosmic Tarot and that New Palladini Tarot, in addition, that GummibaerchenTarot, in which the explained persons are replaced by Gummibaerchen.
This deck illustrates also numerous books, likewise there is literature (z. to no other deck as muchB. (3)).
The Crowley or Toth Tarot
This Tarot became in the 40's of the 20 Century created and 1944 appeared as illustrations in Aleister Crowleys The book Toth (2). As sentence of maps the Crowley Tarot appeared only 1969. While Crowley was that, that those the individual pictures underlying, very detailed description and systematics created, it was lady Frieda Harris, which painted the actual pictures. Parts this Tarot of underlying systematics come up Samuel Liddel Mathers back.
The small Arkana is not illustrated with szenischen pictures, the representation of the appropriate symbols and the entire organization of the map obtain an impression of the topic of the map however nevertheless. Like that are the ten of the swords, in Crowleys the system the "fall" or the "spirit of the denial of the will to the life" represents, an illustration of ten different swords. The grasps of nine swords are on the points of the kabbalaistischen lebensbaums (see below), the blade destroy tenth, in the center lying sword. The background is red yellow and reminded of fire light.
Although Crowley by its call as Schwarzmagier with security much to the occasionally raised reproach, maintained carefully by it, Tarot is a tool of Magiern andor Satanisten (see Criticism), contributed, this deck is very popular and very many other deck inspired. This popularity is based both on from many humans and aesthetically responding to felt representation and on the wealth at contained symbols. Deck, those on the Crowley Tarot decrease/go back, is for example that HaindlTarot and that Cosmic Tribe Tarot.
Other deck
Tarot deck gives it in large varieties. They differ particularly by their underlying cultural, esoterischen, mirror-image-ritual or philosophical Systems as well as by their artistic organization. Deck, far from the Tarot traditions specified above deviate, or of them are completely independent, become in the further one free Deck mentioned. A deviation in the figurative representation does not have to mean yet, that the meaning of the maps likewise deviates. So would for example be a deck, which in praeraffaelitischen Style represented scenes of the Waite deck approximately into a indianische culture shifts, therefore alone still no free deck.
Many Tarot deck refer to or several esoterische, mirror-image-ritual or philosophical systems or a certain faith direction. About the most well-known Tarot traditions already one spoke. Examples of systems, in many deck appear, are Kabbala, Astrologie, that I went and Runes.
It gives many deck, their basis a certain Culture is. The assumed old-Egyptian origin of the Tarots is probably the cause for the relatively large number of "Egyptian" decks. Also Aleister Crowley calls its creation "Tarot of the Egyptians". Degrees with this deck are there however also a whole row, those necessarily a deeper occupation of their Erschaffers with the Egyptian culture and religion to assume do not leave. Likewise it gives some deck, which indigene American Cultures, for example those MayaCulture, have to the topic. It gives celtic Deck, Japanese, Chinese, African, and so on. Frequently refer deck also to more than one culture, thus the yard maps place of the HaindlTarots in each case a indianische, an old-Egyptian, a European and a one Indian Family out mythologischen Figures of these cultures. A special form of this kind of deck are those toolistic Deck, of those that Daughters OF the Moon and that MotherpeaceTarot the most well-known are. This both deck consist of round maps, while almost all other deck from rectangular maps exist.
Other deck have than basis of their representations those Works of artists, or determined artistic or literary traditions or works. Thus it enters ShakespeareTarot, William BlakeTarot, DuererTarot, Bosch and BruegelTarot and so on. A special kind of artist deck are such deck, of educating artists as Tarot deck were sketched, so above all that DalíDeck, the Tarotgarten of Niki de Saint Phalle, and the Haindl Tarot.
Tarot deck, to certain works refer, is for example that Alice in the miracle countryTarot, that OzTarot or that Master of the ringsTarot (of which many, because of the appearing completely arbitrary assignment from figures and scenes to the maps, as one of the worst deck at all is considered; completely apart from the fact, that Tolkien as a very traditional catholic the Tarot probably rejected). Also some Fantasy games of roles use own of Tarot deck, for example the series Mage.
Further there are many topic tables of deck, as for example Jewel- and TreeTarot, refer which to associated esoterische systems. Topic tables of deck without esoterischen purchase are for example that BaseballTarot, that Cat PeopleTarot, that HalloweenTarot or that VampirTarot.
And it gives still deck, for special questions are meant, as for example that Tarot of the love.
To Manga Card Captor Sakura there is also its own deck, of the 52 so-called Clow Cards consists.
Tarot systems
Tarot system in the further each system of the interpretations of the Tarotkarten or a certain group closed in itself of Tarotkarten one calls. Tarot systems can apply only to an individual deck, or for a set of deck (z.B. for all deck, the one of the above-mentioned Tarot traditions follow) or for all deck. While with most systems many thing in common or the common origin can be recognized quite, there are individual systems, above all such, only to einzelnens a deck refer, from most other systems deviates so to a large extent, that they are only alone usable, no more together with others.
The large Arkana
Overview
Those large Arkana consist of 22 maps, which at present the emergence of the Tarotkarten in 15. Century common symbols show. During these maps in the oldest well-known deck, that ViscontiTarot, are unnummeriert, 21 of these maps is since the forerunners of the Marseille Tarot from that 16. Century numbered. The map of the fool does not carry traditionally either a number, or it becomes with that Zero marked. In some few deck the map of the fool is arranged also between or after the other maps of the large Arkanums, and then nummeriert also accordingly.
The map designations vary in deck of the large Tarot traditions only little, during deck, on one determine yourself culture, a topic or a mirror-image-ritual system refers, frequently, but not always, these designations accordingly adapt. Also the numbering and sequence of the maps are alike or very similar with most deck; in addition, there are exceptions here. The most well-known is the permutation of the maps 8 and 11 in WAIT-OD-HITS a corner. Some few deck have completely different order.
Numbering and designation of the maps
Following the comparison of the numbering and designation of the maps in the three of most influential deck, and as example of free Cover the designation of the Tarot of the origins, a deck with one pre-historical or stone-temporal Topic.
| Number | Marseille Tarot | Rider Waite | Crowley Toth | Tarot of the origins |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Le Fou The fool | The fool | The fool | The fool |
| 1 | Le Bateleur The Magier, Gaukler | The Magier | The Magier (engl: Juggler) | The Magier |
| 2 | La Papesse The Paepstin | The Hohepriesterin | The Hohepriesterin | The large nut/mother |
| 3 | L ' Impératrice The Herrscherin | The Herrscherin | The empress | The nut/mother |
| 4 | L ' Empéreur The ruler | The ruler | The emperor | The father |
| 5 | Le Pape The Pope | The Hierophant | The high priest | The Schamane |
| 6 | L ' Amoureux The loving | The loving | The loving (or Brothers) | The connection |
| 7 | Le Chariot The triumph car | The car | The car | The car |
| 8 | La Justice The justice | Strength * | Compensation (engl: Adjustment) | The abundance |
| 9 | L ' Ermite The a settler | The Eremit | The Eremit | The Eremit |
| 10 | La Roue de Fortune Wheel of the life | Wheel of the fate (engl: Wheel OF Fortune) | Luck | The time |
| 11 | La Force The strength | Justice * | Desire | The work strength |
| 12 | Le Pendu The hanging | The hanging | The hanging | The victim |
| 13 | La Mort Death | Death | Death | Death |
| 14 | La Tempérance Reconciliation | Moderateness (engl: Temperance) | Art | The source |
| 15 | Le Diablé The devil | The devil | The devil | The Daemon |
| 16 | La Maison Dieu The tower | The tower | The tower (or: War) | The menhir |
| 17 | L ' Etoile The star | The star | The star | The star |
| 18 | La Lune The moon | The moon | The moon | The moon |
| 19 | Le Soleil The sun | The sun | The sun | The sun |
| 20 | Le Judgement The court | Court (engl: Judgement) | Aeon | The booty |
| 21 | Le of moons The world | The world | The universe | The world |
| * In WAIT-OD-HIT a corner the maps 8 and 11 were exchanged | ||||
The journey of the hero
One only in the last decades arisen, meanwhile however wide-spread interpretation of the large Arkana brings these with that ark-typical Hero journey (see) in connection. Like each interpretation of the Tarots also this is naturally not obligatory; and for some unkonventionellere of deck it would be also not applicable. There however even critics, those their value as interpretation deny, you grant, that it is a good possibility, to note the sequence and the fundamental meaning of the maps, a variant is here abridged specified:
The journey steps at that Fool, like a small child for all and everything is open, but also around dangers still no thinks. Magier and Hohepriesterin embodies the acting thing, arranged outward and the kontemplative, inward arranged principle; the two Ur-directions of human life. Nut/mother and father embodied of Herrscherin and Ruler, whereby the Herrscherin represents the principle of the unrestricted abundance and the life, and the ruler the arranging and protecting principle. The Pope or Hierophant embodies the tradierte knowledge or book knowledge, also, but not only, in mirror-image-ritual things. These maps represent the childhood of the hero. The end of the childhood means also the desire for partnership and love (those Loving one) and the desire, to leave the homeland and experience new (that Car).
The experiences, thereby to be made, bring a feeling for Justice and their necessity out, or, one follows Waites sequence, those Strength for further acts. That A settler is to the traveler with advice at the disposal, and reference to the possibility is simultaneous, Erkenntnis のnicht (nur) のdurch Handeln 、 separate (also) by meditation to win. The use of these Moeglickeit is opened for the traveler, if it by the turn of the Schicksalsrads the possibility for active acting loses andor a certain goal one sets for it. By this idiom of the fate the traveler receives those Strength, or, after Waite, the insight into the necessity that Justice, over as head over Hung one the journey to the darkness of an underworld (andto begin or its own inside). That Death stands for the transition of the outside world to the interior or underworld. First realization is then the necessity that Moderation, reconciliation and exchange between again-striving forces.
That Devil stands for Illusions, those the travelers first dazzle and keep imprisoned; often the apparent fulfilment of a longing. These illusions become by the case of the Tower destroyed, and in the map of the Stars findt the traveler the goal of its search andor its internal peace and its internal equilibrium. However it must begin the return journey now into the outside world. This journey under the indication of the Moonit is however a driveful, one thinks on Orpheus, its regained wife on the return journey finally lost. Reaches the traveler the upper world and thus that Sunslight probably-keep again, the dangerous journey is terminated by the underworld, the final goal however yet does not reach. First the map places of the Courts still another last obstacle, so as for example Odysseus still the solicitors over Penelope loose will had. Only the map that World the final goal of the journey represents, those finally the journey for own perfection is; the development to humans, both his outside and his internal forces becomes conscious, and this to also begin can.
Something other and very detailed variant of the large Arkana than journey of the hero is among other things in (4)
References for the possible interpretation of the maps
Another (or supplementing) method of the interpretation of the maps represents the following list from typical references to the interpretation of the large Arkana:
- O - The fool
- Ease, Sorglosigkeit, Ease, Foolishness, Aliveness, Life desire, Impartiality
- I - The Magier
- Mastering and good handling of all Energies, Connection between idea world and reality, Balance, Clarity, Ideas and creative strength
- II - The Hohepriesterin
- Intuition, both sides of a situation to see or to regard have themselves, Clarifying the situation and their past, also intelligence and circumspection
- III - The Herrscherin
- internal strength and strength, Self-assurance and sense of responsibility, internal wealth, Fertility, Penetration strength
- IV - The ruler
- expresses strength and strength, Self-control and control, Will, Stability
- V - The Hierophant
- Religioesitaet, Quality, Grace, Assistance of higher power, experienced advice, Teachings
- VI - The loving
- Intimate connection, Love in the highest extent, a harmonious dear relationship, strong solidarity, Passion, Attraction, Attraction.
- VII - The car
- Success despite present stagnation, Search for the right way, Rest after success, Decision necessity, Triumph, achieved victory
- VIII - The strength
- large strength and strength, Courage, Energy reserves, internal mental strength, Self-assurance, good physical constitution u.A.
- IX - The Eremit
- the search for the own life way, Isolation and resignation, Distance, Separatingness, Wisdom, Isolation, Ripe time
- X - The wheel of the fate
- The life always continues, Fate, larger process of knowing, Change, Dissolution of old hereditary loads, drastic changes.
- XI - The justice
- Fairness, Responsibility, Regulation of public affairs, Justice, Court decision (also in the own inside), Fairness
- XII - The hanging
- Dwell phase, Renouncement, Retreat from the active life, Subjecting, Verschnaufpause, Consider the own situation, mental connection.
- XIII - Death
- Transformatori process, large, profound detachment process, Loss, Detachment of old connections
- XIV - The moderateness
- in the river its, better, moderate energy balance, Patience, Consonance of the energies, Balance, Weigh the priorities
- XV - The devil
- Dependence, firm bordering, negatives outweighs, Temptation, to the subject forged
- XVI - The tower
- drastic changes, Collapse of the Egos, old systems collapse, Argument, internal unrest, Durchleben of stormy times
- XVII - The star
- Openness, Clarity of the feelings, Readiness for the admission of cosmic energies, Fulfilment, Hope, a small illuminating
- XVIII - The moon
- Awaking the feelings, Borders must be exceeded, intuitive understanding, continuous change, the current way continue
- XIX - The sun
- Attention of the internal child, large openness, Purity, Satisfaction, Problem clearing, Self confirmation, Love for itself
- XX - The court
- Auferstehung, New beginning, that hear on internal and outside messages, Beginning of a new phase, Return, the end of suffering times is approaching
- XXI - The world
- Development of the personality, Reach a most important goal, strong self realization, the feeling, to have everything, which is necessary, Fulfilment, internal liberty, Development possibilities open, Self expression
Naturally there are many further interpretation possibilities except this list and the journey of the hero still; some of it are valid only for an individual deck, other one applicably to many or all other deck.
The small Arkana
Those small Arkana (also: small Arkanum) consist of four times fourteen maps in four different Colors or rows, for its part in each case from ten number maps (1 (=ASS) to 10) and four usually yard maps maps mentioned exist. Particulars of deck change this number, like the above-mentioned UniversalTarot. Some few deck nummerieren either the maps of 1-14 through, or do even without colors, and these maps of 1-56 nummerieren through. It is however partly disputed, whether it concerns with such deck still in each case Tarot maps, or already around own interpretation systems.
The colors and elements
The principle of the colors of the number maps is surely everyone well-known from normal packs of cards. In different map systems these correspond themselves as follows:
| Tarot (usually) | French maps | German maps |
|---|---|---|
| Staffs | Cross | Acorn |
| Cups | Heart | Heart |
| Swords | Spades | Sheet |
| Disks | Karo | Clips |
There are certain variations in the designation of the colors; whereby with "free" deck the variation option only few borders are set. Almost always however are the four colors with that four elements the Alchemie, thus fires, Water, Air, Earth associates. A fifth element becomes occasional, Life or Spirit assumed, that then with the large Arkanum one associates. Accordingly one proceeds, if not on the European four-element-teaches, separate on the Chinese Five-element teachings (fires, Water, Earth, Metal and wood) purchase are taken; this is particularly with deck with an asiatic topic the case. Following the most frequent designations and allocations, and again that Tarot of the origins as example of a "free" deck.
| Element usually | Tarot usually | Tarot alternatively | Tarot D. Origins | Meaning usually |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fire | Staffs | Branches, Sticks | Nature | Will, Strength, Intuition |
| Water | Cups | Flat one, Boiler | Soul | Emotion, Instinct |
| Air | Swords | Dolche, Measurer | Blood | Think, Intellect |
| Earth | Coins | Pentakel, Disks | Decoration | Subject, Practical |
The most frequent variation of this allocation is those Association the swords also Fire and the staffs also Air.
The yard maps
The so-called Yard maps are usually four maps, which a person with the symbol of the color represent. This king is traditional, Queen, Knight and PAGE. One can say with some authorization, that these maps went through the largest change under the Tarotkarten, both which concerns its meaning and its representation.
The yard maps as person maps
Initially the yard maps symbolized only persons, about as follows:
- King of the staffs = Rothaariger older man
- Knight of the cups = blond young man
- Queen of the swords = Bruenette woman
- PAGE of the coins = Schwarzhaariges child
In a true legend system maps make, those about A blond woman mean, quite sense. In a system, which (same t) realization serves, would however be a map, which about The power of the feelings to mean can, substantially more meaningfully. Also with the increasing connection of the large Arkana with ark types the necessity for further maps shrank, which persons represent (can).
Also in most newer interpretations yard maps can represent still persons, although an interpretation concerning the age or the hair color was given up as far as possible in favor of the characteristics of persons; also yard maps represent, if they are to represent persons, usually persons of each sex, not only the representing.
The yard maps as element maps
Besides however the yard maps represent frequently the different influences or applications of the elements. It was first that Golden Dawn, that the yard maps the four elements assigned and them also new names gave:
- KingKnight = fire
- Queen = water
- KnightPrince = air
- PAGEPrincess = earth
From it results for example, that the kingKnight of the staffs fires from the fire is, the map thus will power and dynamics among other things expressed symbolizes. The kingKnight of the coins against it is after this system fire of the earth and stands among other things for the will, to reach material things. As usual with the Tarot there are also systems, which the allocation differently make. This is however the most frequent.
Most today's Tarot systems use one Mixture from these two systems, in different weightings, which often makes the yard maps of degrees for beginners the maps which can be learned most with difficulty.
Place, Knowing oner, Gift and speaker of the element
Completely a different one, Rachel pole lacquer placed very positively taken up beginning 1994 in Shining Women Tarot (5) forwards. There the representation was completely given up as persons, and the yard maps are called place, Knowing oner, Gift and speaker of the element of the respective color. That Place represented for instance the potential of the element, or a place of the meeting with the element. That Knowing one stands for the understanding of the element, and its meaning for the own life. Those Gift can stand for a deepened understanding of the element or for it, that one contains a gift of this element; at the staffs (fire) for example for instance the strength, to do somewhat certain. And that Speaker finally stands for the ability, to be able to use the element actively, to be able to pass on or its energy to others.
The yard maps in different deck
The meaning change and the variety of the meanings can be read off also from the many variations of the designations of the individual maps; whereby very many that free Deck from the large traditions deviate here:
| Marseille and Waite | King | Queen | Knight | PAGE or Bube |
| Golden Dawn and Crowley | Knight | Queen | Prince | Princess |
| Haindl Tarot | Father | Nut/mother | Son | Daughter |
| Tarot of the origins | Man | Woman | Animal | Child |
| Shining Woman/Tribe | Speaker | Gift | Knowing oner | Place |
The number maps
There are in principle two possibilities, to interpret the number maps. The one possibility is, the meaning of the element (color) with that numerologischen To link meaning of the number; the other one is it, to assign each individual number map an own meaning. Usually these independent meanings are based however at least partly on the combination of element and importance of the number; or they developed from such interpretations. With deck or systems, in those this the case is not, thing in common is not to be discovered. For this reason this article is limited to a short representation of the method of the combination of element and meaning of the number.
However there are very many numerologische systems, which partly substantially contradict themselves. Those most in the Tarot used systems are based on the kabbalistischen interpretation of the ten Sephiroth of the Tree of the life; this is under Kabbala illustrated. Here only a very short summary of the meanings of the numbers after this system; and a concrete example:
1 - Kether - crown The necessity for the spirit, to reveal itself
Essenz, Same, Root, undifferentiated potential
The thought, to build a house
2 - Chokmah - wisdom "at the beginning was the word"
Beginning, the separation, which makes communication possible, Direction
First discussions about this plan
3 - Binah - understanding The word was spoken, now it must be understood
Synthesis, Harmony, first marking out borders
Agreement over the fundamental questions (z.B. Size, Price)
4 - Chesed - love The first implementation and first recognizing restrictions
Compression, Stability
Discussions with architects, Banks, Authorities
5 - Geburah - severity The realization (own) of the strength
Power of the destruction, Strengthens induced to changes
First difficulties (z.B. with the building permit) and their overcoming
6 - Tiphareth - Essenz The communist manifestos plan or the revealed and understood truth
Even and self-confident its, Harmony
The end of planning and putting the foundation-stone
7 - Net oh - victory Fanning out of activities by feelings
Creativity, Anarchy
The actual beginning of the building with the inevitably following chaos
8 - Hod - gloss The distinction by arrangement and classification
Use of logic and understanding, Justice and adjustment
The building of the house goes properly and briskly.
9 - Yesod - foundation The basis of all manifest features
(mental) completion, Reflection
The arranging celebration
10 - Malkuth - kingdom The idea experiences its implementation
The end of a thing (and show the beginning of a new)
The house stands finally and expects the removal
From these meanings of the numbers very different interpretations of the individual maps can result together with the respective elements. Thus stands the ten of the cups (thus Wasser=Emotionen) approximately for the fulfilment and the luck, the ten of the swords (Luft=Intellekt) however among other things over reactions, Panic, a tiefpunkt andor the fall.
Connection to other esoterischen systems
The Tarot is originally a genuines European esoterisches system. However it gives at the latest since the writings of the Golden Dawn many very much synkretistischen Beginnings with the interpretation of the Tarots. It would be allowed to do only few religious, mirror-image-ritual and esoterische systems give, those possibly someone once with the Tarot in connection did not bring. The sense of such connections is frequently however disputed thereby.
As far as possible undisputedly, also there meanwhile already traditionally, the connections are between Alchemie, Kabbala, andor Astrologie and the Tarot. In the following only the parts of these systems frequently used in the reference to the Tarot and/or their connection to the Tarot are represented; this is not introduction to the systems themselves.
Alchemie
From the Alchemie has the Tarot above all the four elements fires, Water, Earth and air and their meaning taken over. Likewise the Tarot becomes frequently, similar to the alchemischen search for that Stone of the ways, as a tool to Self realization and self perfection understood.
Kabbala
The connection to Jewish Wisdom teachings of the Kabbala are obvious, although both systems of probably different origin are. The most obvious verbindungsmoeglichkeit is the kabbalistische Tree of the life, from ten points, that Sephiroth, with 22 connections exists, those the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet correspond. The 22 connections correspond to the 22 Arkana with the Tarot, and the ten Sephiroth the values of the number maps. Also many further connections between the tree of the life and other kabbalistischen teachings become, depending upon author and system, manufactured.
| The kabbalistische tree of the life | The Sephiroth |
|---|---|
| I - Kether - crown II - Chokmah - wisdom III - Binah - understanding IV - Chesed - love V - Geburah - severity VI - Tiphareth - Essenz VII - Net oh - victory VIII - Hod - gloss IX - Yesod - foundation X - Malkuth - kingdom |
| The numbers at the paths correspond to the numbers of the large Arkana. | |
The kabbalistischen teachings applied to the Tarot come of mostly to a long tradition that like a Christianwestern rezeption of the Kabbala. Student of the Jewish Kabbala, to their study among other things Hebrew knowledge is unabdinglich, refer frequently to contradictions between this Christian tradition and the original Jewish Kabbala and their advancement.
Astrologie
Also to the western Astrologie in many interpretation systems of the Tarot connections are manufactured. Likewise there are particulars of deck, the appropriate connections to other astrological systems manufacture; with these is not to be dealt here however. Usually the individual maps the tierkreiszeichen become, Planet andor astrological houses assigned, often also one of the four elements, with those also the Astrologie works. Their characteristics are then included into the interpretation of the respective map also. However by any means agreement does not prevail over it, which indication belongs to which map, and even an overview to give the framework of the article by far would blow up. Therefore as example only the allocation, as it makes Crowley for its Tarot system.
| Map | Planet o. Asterisk | Map | Planet o. Asterisk | Map | Planet o. Asterisk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 fool | Uranus | ||||
| 1 Magier | Merkur | 8 reconciliation | Balance | 15 devil | Steinbock |
| 2 Hohepriesterin | Moon | 9 Eremit | Virgin | 16 tower | Mars |
| 3 empress | Venus | 10 luck | Jupiter | 17 star | Water man |
| 4 emperors | Widder | 11 desire | Lion | 18 moon | Fish |
| 5 high priests | Bull | 12 hanging | Neptun | 19 sun | Sun |
| 6 loving | Twins | 13 death | Scorpio | 20 Aeon | Pluto |
| 7 cars | Cancer | 14 art | Contactor | 21 universe | Saturn |
Also one of the usual explanations of the effectiveness of Astrologie, those Synchronizitaet, many Tarot authors took over; in particular then, if the Tarot is used for divinatorischen purposes.
Numerologie
Use almost all systems numerologische Methods with the interpretation of the maps.
With that Interpretation of the large Arkana frequently numerologische methods are consulted, usually however only simple methods, in order to make a connection of the maps among themselves. An example: The maps 1 - the Magier and 2 - the Hoheprieserin have a direct numerologischen purchase to the 3 - the Herrscherin, to 12 - The hanging and to 21 - the world. The latter is interpreted going by, that both the control of the acting, principle of the Magiers arranged outward, and those of the kontemplativen, inward arranged of principle of the Hoheprieserin are necessary, in order to be able to exhaust its full human potential.
With that Interpretation of the number maps mostly more complex numerologische systems are used, those to the numbers of 1-10 in each case a certain meaning assign. Problematic however is the fact, that there are very many numerologische systems, partly substantially contradict themselves. However most are based in the Tarot used systems on the kabbalistischen interpretation of the ten Sephiroth tree of the life.
When putting the maps frequently the sum or checksum of the put maps is used, in order to tighten for example the "Essenz" or the "sum" of putting. Also the so-called Birth maps or Personality maps or something similar are determined in many systems by numerologische methods.
Further one
Examples of other systems, those frequently or occasionally with the Tarot in connection to be brought, are Runes, that I went, those celtic Mythology, those Egyptian mythology, recently also Angel and still many other more.
Putting and reading the maps
Preparation
During many humans itself on reading the maps with detailed rituals, those for instance candles, Music andor Meditationen to contain can, prepare, do others to a large extent or completely without it. A certain concentration is however generally considered as advisable.
Deck and putting system should be selected according to the question; this is however, in particular which concerns the deck, a very subjective decision, for no rules exist.
Likewise a personal decision is it, whether one follows certain rituals or methods when mixing the maps. If one liked to work with reverse maps, it is necessary, to select a method for mixing the maps, with reverse maps to occur can; this can take place for example by means of taking off and turning maps.
Putting systems
All the same for which purpose one would like to interpret the Tarot maps, if one did not like itself to limit to it, to select only in each case an individual map, to interpret and these, needs one a putting system. A putting system is each system, in that determined places to be determined, and comes to these places a certain meaning. A putting system can consist of only two maps, other putting systems refer more maps, some even all 78. As important hereunder applies, to adhere to a certain system, separate a fitting the question to select, to specify or even one. Therefore the number of possible putting systems is unlimited.
As examples of here only two putting systems; once a simple with three maps, and possible meanings of the positions unite, and once that Celtic cross, the most frequently described putting method.
Put with three maps
|
|
|
|
That celtic cross
|
|
|
There are various variations of the Celtic cross. While the actual putting sample is with all these variations equal, exist in particular regarding the order and meaning of the maps 3-6 differences.
Reverse maps
Depending on, like the maps were mixed, sometimes result in the case of putting maps, those on the head stand. Many, above all newer Tarot systems turn these maps simply again into the "correct" position.
Historically however these maps (and become in some systems until today) were interpreted as the exact opposite of the meaning of the map. Became thus a certain map in a certain position Sudden wealth mean, means it in reverse Sudden poverty.
This was regarded however than too on one side of many later authors, so that reverse maps are interpreted in such a way today by most systems, that the fundamental meaning applies, it however a problematic aspect gives. In order to remain with the above-mentioned example, the map may mean a salary increase, but perhaps one must ask still explicitly for it.
Criticism at the Tarot
In particular against those divinatorische Use of the Tarots becomes frequently, as against all other kinds of the fortune-telling, in-turned, that it does not give a proof for the reliability of the results. However the most newer authors and Tarot reader assume that, that the Tarot cannot predict anyway inevitable and surprisingly occurring events, separate only tendencies to indicate can; for instance in the sense of: "if at the situation nothing changes, X will occur."also this is nevertheless naturally not in the sense of a scientific proof provable.
The Tarot becomes, like other true legend and advising methods also, occasionally to Fraud abused, approximately around "protectionamuletteto sell "against alleged" Verhexungen ", or also only further meetings. Degrees with telephone consultation it also occurs, that for each caller the maps are not actually put, separate the advisors some few prefabricated putting are present to have, to be then simply spoken, independently of question and interrogator.
Further the Tarot becomes, in particular of fundamentalist religious groups, frequently also magic Practices, andor Satanismus brought in connection. This comes up not least Aleister Crowley as admitting and well-known Schwarzmagier back. There is a set of magic rituals, in those Tarotkarten to be used; also there are satanistische schools, which the Tarot use; however cannot be concluded from it by any means, that everyoner BenutzerIn of the Tarots thereby magic or satanistische goals pursues. Completely in the opposite there are even explicitly Christian Tarotdecks and explicitly Christian Tarot interpretations.
See also:
Literature
- 1) Arthur E. Waite: The picture key to the original Rider Waite Tarot, Re-translation 2005, ISBN 3-03819-070-5
- 2) Aleister Crowley: The book Thoth. Egyptian Tarot - 11. Aufl. 2005, ISBN 3-908644-73-9
- 3) Rachel pole lacquer: Tarot - 78 stages of the wisdom. Droemer Knaur, August 1996, ISBN 3426861348
- 4) Hajo Banzhaf: Tarot and the journey of the hero. Hugendubel, October 1997, ISBN 3880349916
- 5) Rachel pole lacquer: The Shining Woman Tarot 1994, again 2001 publish as The Shining Tribe Tarot, ISBN 1567185320
- 6) Omraam Mikhael Aivanhov: The fruits of the lebensbaumes - the kabbalistische excessive quantity, ISBN 3-89515-067-3
- 7) Bernhard summer Sommer-Teckenburg: Clarifying assistance with Tarot - thesis (diploma) 1991, University of Hamburg, FB psychology
Two new, comprehensively informing standard works, 8) to the Rider Waite, 9) to the Crowley:
- 8) Lilo black: In the dialogue with the pictures of the Tarot, 2005 ISBN 3-03819-065-9
- 9) Lon Milo DuQuette: Aleister Crowleys Thoth Tarot, 2005 ISBN 3-03819-064-0
Web on the left of
- Tarot history 15. Century (English)
- Exhibition of historical Tarotkarten (English)
- Aquatic Tarot The maps of the Waite deck as water colors.
- Onlinetarot.de On-line questioning of the Tarot, different putting systems.
- Tarotwelten Among other things a listing many different decks with pictures.
- Tarot e.V. first German Tarotverband
