Tiberius
| Tiberius 42 v. Chr. - 37 n. Chr. | ||||||
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Tiberius Claudius Nero (* 16. November 42 v. Chr. in Rome; † 16. March 37 n. Chr. at the cape Misenum) was Roman emperor from 14 to 37 n.Chr.
Table of contents |
to the person
after its stepfather Augustus was Tiberius the second emperor of the Roman realm and like these from the so-called. julisch claudischen dynasty. Its reign was one of the longest however rule oneRoman emperor.
Under Augustus it conquered from 16 to 13 v. Chr. the alpine area and afterwards Pannonien, was late commander in Germanien and struck from 6 to 9 n. Chr. the pannonisch dalmatinischen rebellion down.
the youngTiberius
origin
Tiberius was from birth a double Claudier: Its father was Tiberius Claudius Nero, its nut/mother Livia Drusilla was likewise Claudierin, their branch of the family however by adoption into the plebejische sex of the Livierhad changed over. Octavian (the later emperor Augustus) forced 38 v. in the year. Chr. Livias divorce of the older Tiberius Claudius Nero and married it, whereby the four years old Tiberius became its stepson.
Tiberius' father stayed broken. It had now alsostill the completely disturbed Tiberius, which the sudden dear withdrawal not borne and which newborn Drusus (with the marriage with Octavian it had been more schwanger in the sixth month) supplies.
With the adoption by Augustus to 26. June 4 n. Chr.becameTiberius taken up to the sex of the Julier. The following emperors up to Nero belonged to both families in different degrees and were like that members of a double dynasty.
army leader under Augustus
Tiberius was a outstanding army leader: 20 v.Chr. it recovered the Roman field characters by diplomacy , the Crassus 53 v. Chr. in the battle with Carrhae had lost. 16 v.Chr. conquered it together with its brother Drusus Rätien. From 12 to 9 v. Chr. it ledconquest Pannoniens and as 9 v. Chr. Drusus in Germanien at the consequences of a fall of the horse died, transferred it the Roman supreme command to Germanien. From 6 to 9 n. Chr. it subjected the Pannoni rebellion in Pannonien and Illyrien.
the private life of the Tiberius
little lucky ran its private life: 12 v. Chr. if it had been forced for political reasons, itself by his first Mrs. Vipsania Agrippina, which daughter of the Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, separateto leave, and Julia, to marry the daughter of the Augustus (and therefore also its own stepsister). However their different characters (it life-merrily, it rather seriously with a certain inclination to dark-sneeze) contributed to the fact that this marriage was not lucky.6 v. Chr. Tiberius withdrew itself after Rhodos and interrupted thereby its career.
The death of the designate successors of the Augustus, its Enkelkinder and adoptive sons Gaius Caesar and Lucius Caesar, made Tiberius the only possible successor of the Augustus,particularly since it already held also the two offices necessary for it, imperium the proconsulare and tribunicia potestas. 13 n. Chr. - thus one year before the death of the Augustus - these offices were extended to further 10 years.
the Prinzipat of the Tiberius
home policy
as Tiberius in the year 14 n. Chr. the follow-up of the Augustus began, was 55 years old it. Tiberius was an efficient manager of the realm and avoided largerWars to its expansion.27 n. Chr. he withdrew to the island Capri and left themselves control of Rome to its friend and Gardepräfekten Sejan. When actually pulled to this ever more power and finally planned a revolution attempt,Tiberius left it to 31 n. Chr. execute.
Under Tiberius in Rome a larger secret police was organized , those for the first time under Augustus still rare accusations because of majesty offense increased noticeably.
The antique gossip said numerous vices to Tiberius after. Already as a young manit received the surname Biberius Caldius Mero („glow wine boozers “) because of its drunkenness craze from the Legionären; on Capri it above all sexual dissipations gefrönt.
„the renouncement of Germanien “
the disaster of the Varus (in the year 13 v.Chr. withTiberius together Consul) and the situation ( military revolts), found by Germanicus 14, let Tiberius of the border shift take toward Weser and Elbe finally distance.
The sober and illusionless Germanienkenner Tiberius those ignored the Teutons their to defensive border politics,internal controversy and was limited on the statement one left to the border of pre-aged area. Indirect one, the Germanic trunks and parties out-playing against each other, control of the apron stepped to the place of a aufwändigen thrashing strategy, which had threatened to escalate in the infinite. Paradoxicallythe straight disaster of the Varusschlacht has the durability of the Roman border on the Rhine proven, over deretwillen occupation Germaniens begun was.
Under Augustus and at the beginning of the rule of the Tiberius Rome wanted to correct those clades Variana, at least however thoseaufrührerischen Teuton trunks formally subject and the deserters already punish, however for the deterrence of future Aufrührer. This did not succeed however. Contrary to Germanicus Tiberius recognized most likely 15 n. Chr. (possibly however already in former times) that Rome the Arminius - coalition alone already due tothe logistic conditions with visible means not to defeat could. The Roman troops could not nourish themselves from the country and land warfare were suspended by the far ways and transportation with the short campaign times almost insurmountable difficulties and endangerments. ThoseNecessity for the Romans to carry forward which did not give it in the country, and who booty greed of the Teutons to get which the this did not have, closed to a vicious circle.
The Romans had luck that the other fronts during theseTime remained calm. Because over so many putting ions the Romans did not order, in order to keep eight putting ions ready in the long term at the Teuton front. The procurement of the food did not ensure in Gallien for little unrest, those finally for the rebellion of the Sacrovir (21 n. Chr.) to lead should. At the latest with the recall of the Germanicus (16 n. Chr.) applied officially the new line of the Tiberius, those in the Tabula Siarensis (19 n. Chr.) their precipitation to find should: Pacification Galliens, revenge for Varus, recuperation of the field characters, but no conquest of the rechtsrheinischen Germanien more. This politics ended however with the death of the Tiberius (37 n. Chr.).
complete title at the time of death
Tiberius Caesar Divi Augusti filius Augustus, Pontifex Maximus, Tribuniciae potestatis XXXVIII, Imperator VIII, Consul V
Nachruhm
Tiberius in the Bible
in the Bible is mentioned Tiberius' name only once in the Lukasevangelium (process card 3.1-2), in the context of the so-called lukanischen date, which refers to the year 28:
- It was in 15. Year of the government of the emperor Tiberius; Pontius Pilatus was a governor von Judäa, Herodes Tetrarch of Galiläa [...] high priests was Hannas and Kajafas. There was issued in the desertthe word of God at Johannes, the son of the Zacharias.
During Tiberius' reign worked also Jesus Christ. In its lectures and Gleichnissen there are many purchases to Caesar (and/or. the emperor in some translations), without dealing in particular with Tiberius.
The city Tiberias at the west coast lake of the Gennesaret received its names from mentioned above the Tetrarchen Herodes Antipas in honours of the emperor.
Tiberius in the today's historical understanding
the picture, which we have this very day from Tiberius, is largecoined/shaped by Tacitus, whose destroying judgement is doubted however by the modern science more and more.
escape or politically planned retreat? Freiwillige the exile on Capri
one likes in the modern research Tiberius often as psychological wreckrepresented, but witness its retreat after Capri of high intelligence and the wisdom and Kraft of a man, who holds still all Zügel in the hand.
family
wives
- Vipsania Agrippina 16 v. Chr.
- Julia 11 v. Chr. (divorced 2 v. Chr.)
children
- Drusus the younger one (with Vipsania Agrippina)
- a son with Julia, short literature Manfred Baar died
[
- work on]: The picture of the emperor TiberiusTacitus, Sueton and Cassius Dio. Teubner, Stuttgart 1990 (contributions to antiquity customer, Bd. 7), ISBN 3-519-07456-7.
- Ralf G. Jahn: The Roman-Germanic war (9-16 n. Chr.). Thesis, Bonn 2001.
- Claudia Kuntze: To the representation of the emperor Tiberius and its timewith Velleius Paterculus. Long, Frankfurt/Main 1985, (European university writings, row 3, Bd. 247), ISBN 3-8204-7489-7.
- Paul Schrömbges: Tiberius and the Res Publica Romana. Investigations for institutionalizing the early Roman Principats. Having ELT, Bonn 1986, ISBN 3-7749-2207-1.
- Ronald Syme: History or Biography. The Case OF Tiberius Caesar. In: Historia 23 (1974), S. 481–496.
- Zwi Yavetz: Tiberius. The sad emperor. dtv, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-423-30833-8.
Web on the left of
| Wikiquote: Tiberius - quotations |
| Commons: Tiberius -Pictures, videos and/or audio files |
- specializedscientific Kurzbiografie (English) from De Imperatoribus Rome anise (inclusive Literature data)
- entry (inclusive Literature data) in the biographic-bibliographic church encyclopedia (BBKL)
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| | * Literature of and over Tiberius in the catalog of the DDB
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| Predecessor Augustus | list of the RomanEmperor | Nachfolger Caligula |
| person data | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Tiberius |
| ALTERNATIVE NAME | Tiberius Claudius Nero |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | of Roman emperors from 14 to 37 |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 16. November 42 v. Chr. |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Rome |
| DYING DATE | 16. March 37 |
| DYING PLACE | Misenum |
