Tibeter

that today scarcely 6 million humans comprehensive people of the Tibeter (self-designation Bodpa) lives predominantly in China (according to censuses 2000: 5.416.021), to a large extent in the autonomous area Tibet (44.81%) and the adjacent provinces itself SCN (23.43%), Qinghai (20.06%), Gansu (8.18%) and Yunnan (2.37%). In Tibet are 92.77%the population Tibeter, in Qinghai 22.53%, in Gansu 1.76% and in itself SCN 1.54%. The majority of the Tibeter belongs to the Lamaistic Buddhismus . Many Tibeter live nomadisch in Tibet and the neighbouring areas of the Himalaya.

autonomous administrative units of the Tibeter in China

• province level:
  • Autonomous area Tibet;
• District level:
  • Autonomous district Dêqên of the Tibeter in the province Yunnan;
  • Autonomous district Gannan of the Tibeterin the province Gansu;
  • Autonomous district Garzê of the Tibeter in the province itself SCN;
  • Autonomous district Golog of the Tibeter in the province Qinghai;
  • Autonomous district shark with the Tibeter in the province Qinghai;
  • Autonomous district Hainan of the Tibeter in the province Qinghai;
  • Autonomous district Haixi of the Mongols and Tibeter in the province Qinghai;
  • Autonomous district Huangnan of the Tibeter in the province Qinghai;
  • Autonomous district Ngawa of the Tibeter and Qiang in the province itself SCN;
  • Autonomous district Yushu of the Tibeter in the province Qinghai;
• Area level:
  • Autonomous circle Muli of the Tibeter in the autonomous district Liangshan of the Yi in the province itself SCN;
  • Autonomous circle Tianzhu of the Tibeter in the administrative territory of the city Wuwei of the province Gansu.

political situation

about 130,000 Tibeter live in the exile, mainly in Nepal, India and Bhutan. Through of China promoted immigration (Sinisierung) increases the portion of the Han Chinese particularly in urbanen centers.

The freedom of religion that predominantly buddhistischen Tibeter is attached to the condition that no political actions are undertaken against China. In addition countsfor example presenting a photography of the Dalai Lama. Most that originally 6,000 buddhistischen monasteries Tibets were destroyed during the culture revolution between 1966 and 1976, some few however were in the meantime again developed and again-opened. Also today numerous Tibeter before pursuits still flees, mainly afterIndia.

As members of an ethnical minority Tibetan women are officially two children, in the pasture areas partially. also more, permits.

language and culture

the Tibetan language are added to the tibetobirmanischen language's group. It is together with the Chinese office language official office language in the autonomous areaTibet.

Those approximately 3,000 Monba are closely related to the Tibetern, however officially as own nationality are classified and to have their own writing language on basis of the Tibetan alphabet.

A group of approximately 150,000 humans, who are counted by the Chinese government officially to the Tibetan nationality,is the Gyarongpa, i.e. “People of the Gyarong “(or rGyarong, Jiarong). They live in north itself SCN and speak a language, which is Qiang than related to Tibetan more closely to. As some different one is the Tibetern culturally close standing groups of peoples at the eastern edge of the high country of Tibetit from the view of the Lhasa Tibeter anyway Tibeter, even if the there population has quite her own aspect. Still before occupation Tibets by China (1950) and after it until 1959 (rebellion, escape of the Dalai Lama) belonged 10-15 per cent to the Tibetan population monasteries.

History

see also: Tibet

• 7. Century establishment of a Tibetan Empire of (“Yarlung dynasty”) under the Tsenpo (“emperor”) Songtsen Gampo, that itself under skillful marriage politics influence in partially. secures for Turkish neighbour realms. One could do this as the beginning of the Tibetan Ethnogenese, the development of the Tibetan people,see.
• 8. Century under Tsenpo Trisong Detsen is implemented the military supremacy over the whole high country and with it a combination different people shank under the Yarlung rule.
• 1950 invasion of Chinese troops after Tibet.
• 1959 anti-Chinese rebellion in Lhasa for the independence from China - in the consequencego about 90,000 Tibeter with the Dalai Lama into the exile (v.a. to India).

literature:

• Andreas Gruschke: „Who are the Tibeter? “, in: Wulf Köpke/Bernd bloom (Hg.), „the world of the Tibetan Buddhismus “, reports from the museum for people customer Hamburg, new one consequence, volume 34.Hamburg, 2005, S. 171-221 - ISBN 3980922243
• Andreas Gruschke: Demography and Ethnographie in the high country of Tibet “, in: Geographical ones round-look, 49 (1997), number 5, S. 279-286

see also:

• Tibetan literature,
• Vajrayana
• Nomaden

Web on the left of

• http://www.tibetology.ac.cn/
• http://www.tibetinfor.com.cn/english/
• http://www.china.org.cn/german/de-tibet/index.htm
• http://www.tibet-china.org/indexE.html
• http://www.tibet.de/
• http://www.tibet.com/
• http://www.tibet.org/
• http://www.tibet-forum.de/index.htm
• http://www.buddhismus.at/literatur/richtungen/richtung4.htm - Tibetan Buddhismus Vajrayana

of peoples of China - official organization in the People's Republic of China

Achang | Bay | Blang | Bonan | Buyei | Chosen (Korean) | Dai | Daur | Deang | Derung | Dong | Dongxiang | Evenki (Ewenken) | Gaoshan | Gelao | Gin | Han | Hani | Hezhen | Hui | Jingpo | Jino | Kazak (Kasachen) | Kirgiz (Kirgisen) | Lahu | Lhoba | Left | Lisu | One (Mandschuren) | Maonan | Miao | Monba | Mongol (Mongol) | Mulao | Naxi | Nu | Oroqen | Pumi | Qiang | Soot (Russian) | Salar | She | Sui | Tajik (Tadschiken) | Tatar (act arene) | Do | Tujia | Uygur (Uiguren) | Uzbek (Usbeken) | Va | Xibe | Yao | Yi | Yugur | Zang (Tibeter) | Zhuang

Tibetan autonomy in the People's Republic of China

autonomous area Tibet: Lhasa | Nagqu | Qamdo | Shannan | Xigazê | Ngari | Nyingchi
in the province Qinghai: Shark with | Hainan | Haixi (Mongol and Tibeter) | Huangnan | Golog | Yushu
in the province itself SCN: Garzê | Ngawa (Tibeter and Qiang) | Muli
in the province Gansu: Gannan | Tianzhu
in the province Yunnan: Dêqên