Tuwa
| Tuwa | |
|---|---|
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| State: | Russia |
| federation circle: | Siberia |
| surface: | 168,660 km ² |
| inhabitants: | 307.659 (1. January 2005) |
| Capital: | Kysyl |
| population density: | 1.8 inhabitants for each km ² |
| Kfz characteristics: | To 17
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Tuwa (also Tuwinien, soot. Тува, tuwinisch Тыва, Tyva) is an autonomous republic in the southern part of asiatic Russia.
Table of contents |
geography
Tuwa is because of the northwest border to Mongolia and is framed from the mountains of western Sajan in the north and Tannu ola in the south. Most important river is the Jenissej, its two source riversrise in the republic and with Kysyl unite.
population
the number of inhabitants amounted to during the census 2002 305.510. The Tuwiner is a Turkvolk and placed with 235.313 (77.02%) the majority in its republic. Many Russians are inthe last years moved away. Therefore they constituted 20.11% of the population with 61.442 persons only. Smaller minorities form the Komi and Chakassen. Office languages are the tuwinische language and the Russian language. The population professes itself predominantly to Buddhismus.
administrative arrangement
(inhabitant at the 1. January 2005)
| Urban area | inhabitant | urban population | population of village | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kysyl | 108,108 | 108.108 | -- | |
| AC-Dowurak | 13,380 | 13.380 | -- | |
| Rajon | inhabitant | urban population | population of village | administrative seat |
| bay taiga | 12.235 | -- | 12,235 | Teeli |
| Barun Tschemtschik | 12.357 | -- | 12,357 | Kysyl Maschalyk |
| Dsun Tschemtschik | 20.810 | 9.539 | 11,271 | Tschadan |
| Ersin | 8.302 | -- | 8,302 | Ersin |
| Kaa Chem | 12.643 | -- | 12,643 | Saryg September |
| Kysyl | 22,327 | 10,010 | 12,317 | Kaa Chem |
| Mongun taiga | 6.086 | -- | 6,086 | Mugur Aksy |
| Owjur | 7.912 | -- | 7,912 | Chandagaity |
| Pii Chem | 11,086 | 5,381 | 5,705 | Turan |
| Suez Chol | 8.385 | -- | 8,385 | Sug Aksy |
| Tandi | 13.565 | -- | 13,565 | bay Chaak |
| Tere Chol | 1.804 | -- | 1,804 | Kungurtug |
| width unit Chem | 8.975 | -- | 8,975 | Samagaltai |
| death ski | 6.048 | -- | 6,048 | Toora Chem |
| Tschaa Chol | 6.335 | -- | 6,335 | Tschaa Chol |
| Tschedi Chol | 7,950 | 3,697 | 4,253 | Chowu Aksy |
| Ulug Chem | 19,351 | 11,212 | 8,139 | Schagonar |
of cities
in the capital Kysyl lives a third of the inhabitants. Smaller cities are AC-Dowurak, Schagonar and Kaa Chem.
Cities and urban settlements (conditions: 1. January 2005)
| City | Russian name | inhabitant |
|---|---|---|
| Kysyl | Кызыл | 108,108 |
| AC-Dowurak | Ак Довурак | 13,380 |
| Schagonar | Шагонар | 11,212 |
| Kaa Chem | Каа Хем | 10,010 |
| Tschadan | Чадан | 9,539 |
| Turan | Туран | 5,381 |
| Chowu Aksy | Хову Аксы | 3,697 |
history
in the course of history prevailed to Uiguren, Kirgisen, Mongols and Oiraten over the area, before it became 1757 part of the Qing dynasty of the Chinese empire. During unrests relating to domestic affairs1911 split itself off that as “exterior Mongolia “(today's Mongolia ) at that time designated area, to which also the province Tannu Urjangchai belonged, of China. Supported by tsarist Russia a separatist movement, the 1912 independence Tannu Tuwas formedproclaimed.
After the country had become 1914 first a protectorate of Russia, then a Chinese-Russian contract that the country should keep nominal its independence, regulated however under Chinese Suez RA rivet RK. During the First World War the country explained itself 1917 againfor independent. It should become however scene of the Russian civil war between the Red Army of the Bolsheviks and the white army of the Zaristen. After the bolschewistischen victory 1921 the People's Republic of Tannu Tuwa was proclaimed. The establishment of state became 1926 by a contract betweenthat Mongolia, which tried up to then to recover lost control of Tannu Tuwa Russia and the new People's Republic confirms. First president of the country was Donduk Kuular. Tannu Tuwa an independent soviet republic was formal, actually however already existed a close bindingto the young Soviet Union. Kuular did not try this dependence too large become to let, it gave efforts of a closer connection to Mongolia. He raised the Buddhismus to the state religion and limited the influx of Russian settlers. 1929 it became (probably upGo-eat Stalins) arrested and later exekutiert. With its death the Soviet Union became final determining power Tannu Tuwas.
The new, communist guidance began with the collectivization of the country, which was up to then nomadisch coined/shaped. At the same time a campaign started for eliminatingthe Buddhismus and the shame anise mash in the country. In October 1944, after the country was anyhow in fact already Soviet, the People's Republic of Tannu Tuwa placed finally also de a jure “request to the admission into the Soviet Union”. It became as “autonomous area" von ihr annektiert und ist seitdem als unabhängiger Staat von der Landkarte verschwunden. In the year 1961 Tuwa became a “autonomous socialist Soviet republic” (Tuwini SSSR).
After decay of the USSR in November 1991 his independence, closed avowed Tuwa then however to31. March 1992 a federation contract with the again formed Russian federation, to which it belongs since that time as autonomous republic. Head of state is since 1992 Scherig Ool Disischikowitsch Oorschak.
economics
compared with other Russian regions is underdeveloped the economy.It dominates the agriculture, above all the aminal husbandry (with as different animals as Jaks, a paying and camels). Meaning has beside it the mining industry (asbestos). The region depends still very strongly on allowances from Moscow. Also thatTourism is understood in growing. Many Russian tourists are afraid however the attendance of the beautiful landscape Tuwas, due to the relatively high criminality, a whose cause particularly lies in the consumption of alcohol of the native population.
culture
a special brand name of the tuwinischen cultureis the overtone singing. This kind of singing permits it, several tones at the same time anzustimmen. By the presentation of this singing in famous concert resounding like the New Yorker Carnegie resound reaches the culture Tuwas also the western society.
personalities
- Sainkho Namtchylak, modern musician * [1]
- Albert Kuwesin, Gründungsmitglied von Huun Huur Do and Yat Kha (groups of music: Huun Huur doing and Yat Kha)
- Galsan Tschinag, writer
see also
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