Vesper (Liturgie)
the Vesper (of lat. Evening) is an evening prayer, for whose arrangement a double root is to be set:
a) the earlyChristian evening service with solemn Hereintragen of a lamp (light rite, Luzernarium), as it in the antique Christian municipalities for the first centuries is testified, and
b) those evening-hears one of the sieved daily prayer times in a monastischen community, (hear).
While the form A) with selection (few) of the Psalmen the motive “evening” considered (HP of 141-142,119 Nun.104 are classical), it goes praying with form b) above all therefore, a Pensum from Psalmen to, so that in the course of one week all 150 Psalmen are once gebetet. But there are different models; frequently the Psalmen was left simple in the Biblical order. (Nota bene: In order to avoid confusion, the Psalmen always becomes in the following in within the German-language range after that the 2. Vatikanum mandatory way counted, which also the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia is the basis. The Septuaginta and Vulgata and that following the Greek as well as older Roman tradition have a deviating counting!!) While for instance the Byzantine Vesper is committed to the urbanen model (A), the Roman rite owes itself much more strongly the model (B), which has to do with the coining/shaping effect regula of the Benedicti in the evening country and the abort of the urbanen antique tradition in the early Middle Ages. From this inheritance partly the difficulties within the catholic like also lutherischen range are to be explained to establish the Vesper again than municipality service.
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Roman rite
catholic church
the Vesper (or evening-hear) is part of the liturgical hour prayer of the Roman-catholic church and is the most important devotion beside the Laudes (morning prayer). The Vesper consists ours, daily prayer and benediction of opening , Hymnus , Psalmen , writing reading , Responsorium , Magnificat, Fürbitten , father. If the Vesper is the latter hears the daily, frequently a Maria niche anti-phon is added. The Vesper is obligating for priests and deacons because of their Weiheversprechens. Laymen it is recommended, therefore it is gebetet in some catholic Pfarreien Sundays and particularly at high holidays.
Anglikani church
with the model of the DAILY Evening Prayer in the Book OF Common Prayer attached the anglikanische church in 16. Century the tradition of the abendlichen municipality prayer on. It is at present probably the only church, to which it succeeded to keep the daily evening prayer in the municipalities alive. To the old-church inheritance the daily Hymnus O Gracious Light (Phos hilaron) belongs. In the today's Lektionar (1979) the Psalmen is arranged in a filter week cycle. One calls this evening prayer Evensong.
Lutheri church
within the range of the reformation churches is to be stated first a tradition abort, under Luther's negative judgement over the hour prayer. The fact that the Christvesper in the holy evening has its designation of the church hour prayer might be conscious only the few municipality members. Particularly since this meeting has also no similarity with a day time prayer.
Since the twenties of the twentieth century circles formed like the Berneuchener movement, which Michaels or Ansverusbruderschaft, which committed themselves to daily prayer times and tested forms of an Evangelist day time prayer, usually by development of a German Gregorianik.
With the Agende II 1960 in the Evangelist lutherischen churches an order for the Vesper were offered as municipality service; this work was published with the agenda reform so far and was had not again probably altogether little effect. The Thuringian regional church gave the so-called to 1959. Evangelist Brevier out (5. Edition 2001 under the title “Biblical Brevier”). It contains apart from morning prayer (Mette) and daily prayer (Laudes) an order for the Vesper, which essentially resembles the catholic order specified above, but at two points own ways goes: a) in place of the Responsoriums steps the explanation Credo from Luther small Katechismus; b) in place of the whole Vaterunsers is assigned, connected to each weekday a father our request with the appropriate Strophe from Luther's father our song. Thus this model takes up old traditions of Evangelist weekday services, which served instruction in the Katechismus, and connects it with the structure of the hour prayer.
Byzantine rite
the Vesper in the churches Byzantine rite (above all the orthodox churches) is celebrated particularly before the large celebrations festively with the whole municipality, into which monasteries it daily celebrated. Differences becomes between large one and small Vesper. The large Vesper consists of: Opening and introduction prayers, Psalm 104 with the light prayers, large Litanei, Kathisma, small Litanei, Weihrauchopfer with Psalm 141, introduction, Hymnus “friendly light”, Prokimenon, reading, Inständige Litanei, Kataxioson, Bittlitanei, (possibly. Litija), Aposticha, praise singing of the Simeon, Trishagion, father ours, Troparia, (possibly. Artoklasia), Psalm 34, benedictions and dismissal. The small Vesper is less festively celebrated, certain prayers is void.
Kopti rite
the Kopti rite, which radiated for its part the äthiopische church, is extremely strongly coined/shaped by the Mönchtum, which itself by the extensive Psalmen Pensum in the “Agpeya”, which strikes down koptischen hour book: to the Vesper HP. 51; 117.118.120-129.
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