Vocally
a self sound or a vowel (v. lat.: vocalis [littera] „sounding letter”; too vox „voice”) is a sound, with whose articulation of the Phonationsstrom can leak out to a large extent unhindered. Vocal ones are be correctful.
The representation of all vowels becomesthe vowel triangle or vowel trapezoid uses. In it the vowels are after their education in the mouth area of “openly” (for example „A”) after closed (for example „i”, „u”) arranged, and become independently of it in in front („e”, „i”) or in the back („o”, „u”) in the mouth area developingpartitioned. These hot accordingly front tongue vowels and/or. Hinterzungenvokale.
Beside that also the umlauts step „o” to the German well-known vowels („A”, „e”, „i”, „o” and „ u”) and „u” (they correspond to the vowels „e” and „i” with additionally rounded lips) and those Diphthonge („egg”, „ai”, „European Union”, „outer”) in the vowel trapezoid up.
In principle each vowel can be rounded either or be formed spread (ungerundet), which causes a change of the sound quality.
| Vocal one
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| with pairs of symbols placesthat in each case links the ungerundeten and the right symbol the rounded vowel to symbol.</div> |
Vocal ones are divided into many languages after its length (vowel quantity) shortly or long vowels. With respect to German one differentiates in addition, regarding thatVocally quality between open (also. relaxed) and closed (also: strained) vowels. Both characteristics arise usually together and are meaning: corresponds to the letter A, e, i, o, u, A, o and u more briefly, openly in each case andlong, closed vowel, whereby short, open e and short, open A in most Varietäten of the German collapse and is identical („lark” and „larch”). Thus the German language has 15 vokalische phonemes, and/or even if one the Schwa (ein <hut>, <use>) phoneme status grants, 16 vowel phonemes (not taken in account vowels from other languages, with which one can argue whether they have in the meantime already phoneme status in German:nasaliertes A, A, o and o as in <Teint>, <category>, <perfume> and <juggler>, longopen o and o as in <talc master> and <Œuvre>).
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demarcation to the consonants
classifies one sounds only according to its kind of articulation, then vowels differof consonants simply by the fact that the Phonationsstrom flows unhindered with vowels by the tail pipe.
Another possibility is the classification according to acoustic criteria, i.e. after their Sonorität (Stimmhaftigkeit) and/or. their Schallfülle. Afterwards consonants are noises withoutSonorität, during it with vowels and agree consonants as for example l, m, n, ng, b, D, g, w, s, j or r around sounds act. They are sonorant (be correctful).
Sonorität and/or. Schallfülle is an important characteristic regarding the functiona sound as syllable carriers: the more sonorer a sound is, the more clearly stands out it against the other sounds surrounding it. Sonorante of sounds can be therefore syllable carriers.
In some languages l , m, n, ng, take in addition, to r, for example l and r in the Czech one and Croatian one (place <Plzeň>, island <Krk>), a syllabic character on and carry the main clay/tone. Also in German the sounds seem to l, m, n, ng syllabically, however only in unbetonter syllable, so in thatStandard discussion with the endings - em, - EN and - el/l after consonants (syllabic m: <large>, <live>, n: <talk>, ng: <are appropriate>, for l: <Apple>, <Dirndl>).
Formanten
after the form of the acoustic wave belong vowels thus, contrary tomost consonants, to the sounds. Vocal ones have a primary sound. This consists of a basic clay/tone, which is overlaid by overtones. The basic clay/tone has the lowest frequency. The overtones are always integral multiple of the basic clay/tone, i.e. if one the basic clay/tonechanges, then the overtones always change.
In the tail pipe, i.e. in the glottis, in the Larynx and Pharynxraum and in the mouth and nose area, some tones experience a reinforcement of their resonance, so that they become more dominanter in relation to the other partial tones.These resonance-strengthened partial tones are called Formanten.
With vowels one can prove 4 to 5 Formanten: F1 and F2 (with vowels within the front tongue range to be formed) are responsible for the identification of the vowels. They decide thus whether we for example[iː] bring out or [uː].
vowel letter
by vowels generally also the letters are understood, which represent such sounds. In order to prevent the common mistake and/or equating of sounds and letters, it is meaningful,to use the term vowel letter. The terms Vokalgrafeme and/or Kerngrafeme ( Grapheme , which become related for the syllable core, not the edge of syllable, are linguistically correct so for example in the grammar of the German language, Berlin 1997, Bd. 1, compares S. 246ff).In German this A, A, is E, I, O, o, U, u, Y, (É). (Also the Ypsilon must be rated as vowel letter. It knows under certain conditions, as for example also I and U in <May>, <Station>, <Qualle>, <Mauer>, <Etui>,a unsilbischen and/or konsonantischen sound show, for example in <yacht>, <Bavaria>. The fundamental discussion of the letter Y corresponds however in German to that of the vowel letter u, for example <type>, <physically>, <psyche>, <analysis>.) the vowel letters A, o, u can also (of its grammatical function) umlaut letters ago to be called. Also the letter É frequently which can be found in words from the French can be quite added (in German as variant too <ee> at the word ending uses), since it is to be found also in word postings, which are otherwise eingedeutscht(German Varieté <compares> or <Varietee>, frz. but <variété>).
The vowel letters face the consonant letters (Konsonantengrafemen/Randgrafemen) B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, ss, T, V, W, X, Z.
See also
| Wiktionary: Vocally - word origin, synonyms and translations |
