Vorarlberg
| national flag | Landeswappen |
|---|---|
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| Base data | |
| state capital: | Bregenz |
| largest city: | Dornbirn |
| ISO 3166-2: | AT-8 |
| homepage: | www.vorarlberg.at |
| map: Vorarlberg in Austria | |
| |
| politics | |
| national captain: | Harsh ore Sausgruber (ÖVP) |
| governing parties: | ÖVP and FPÖ |
| allocation of seats in the federal state parliament (36 seats): | ÖVP 21 SPÖ 6 FPÖ the 5 Greens 4 |
| last choice: | 19. September 2004 (results) |
| next choice: | 19. September 2009 |
| population | |
| inhabitant: (HWS) | 360,168 (conditions: September. 2004) |
| Inhabitant: (HWS+ NWS) | 376,599 (conditions: September. 2004) |
| - Rank: | 8. of 9 |
| population density: | 138 Einwohner/km ² |
| Geografie | |
| surface: | 2.601, 48 km ² |
| - of it country: | 2.533, 84 km ² (97.4%) |
| - of it water: | 67.64 km ² (2.6%) |
| - rank: | 8. of 9 |
| geographical situation: | xx° xx' - xx°xx' n.Br. xx° xx' - xx° xx' o. L. |
| Highest point: (Piz Buin) | 3312 m and. NN |
| deepest point: (Bodensee) | 395.23 m and. NN |
| administrative arrangement | |
| of districts: | 0 Statutarstädte of 4 districts |
| municipalities: | 96 |
| - of it cities: | 5 |
| - of it market municipalities: | 10 |
| map: Vorarlberg and districts | |
 | |
Vorarlberg is the westernmost Land of the Federal Republic of Austria and lies between the Bodensee and the alpine Rhine in the west, the Arlberg in the east (“country before the Arlberg”) and thatMountain courses of the Rätikons and the Silvretta in the south. Vorarlberg has common borders with Switzerland (pc. Gallen and grey federations), Germany (Bavaria), Liechtenstein and the Austrian Land of the Federal Republic Tirol. Of Vorarlberg its is characteristic - from thatView of remaining Austria - layer (the majority of the national borders at the same time state borders form) exposed, topografischen orientation toward the west to Switzerland and to Liechtenstein and in the north to Germany, as well as the aspect of the language. Those laminate-spreading in the everyday life usualLanguage form are variants of the alemannischen dialects, which are related to the Swabian one and the Swiss German. Colloquially Vorarlberg is called also Ländle.
Table of contents |
history
Vorarlberg was at least since 500 v. Chr. from the celtic race of the Brigantier settles. In the year 15 v. Chr. conquered the Romans the area. Around 260 began the ideas of the Alemannen, which settled here then starting from approximately 450. With the Alemannen the area came to the Frankish realm, 843 to the eastFrankish realm. As inheriting the Udalrichinger, the karolingische countsamong other things in the Bodensee area, attained the counts von Montfort were around 1200 the rule in the area of Bludenz, Bregenz and Feldkirch. Since that 14. The individual rule arrived to century at the having citizens, who were anxious, their territories in the today'sTo arrondieren Switzerland and their Austrian possessions: 1363 the rule new castle on the Rhine, 1375 the county Feldkirch, 1394 the rule Bludenz with the Montafon, 1397 the rule hunt mountain, 1451 the half county Bregenz, 1453 the courts Tannberg and central mountain, 1474the county sun mountain (the Truchsessen of forest castle), 1523 the second half of the county Bregenz. Numerous rule in South West German country (Freiburg in mash gau) and today's Switzerland (Fricktal in the later canton Aargau) was likewise in habsburgischem possession (front Austria). To in 17. Century inside stood a Landvogt at the point of the administration of the habsburgischen areas in Vorarlberg. 1765 fell the county high Ems after becoming extinct the count house in male line likewise to the having citizens. 1804 the rounded acquisitionthe rule Blumenegg and pc. Gerold, formerly possession of the monasteries wine garden and/or. A-settle, and finally 1814 of the former realm yard Lustenau the territory off. In napoleonischer time, between 1806 and 1814, the area Vorarlbergs belonged to Bavaria and came then toon the Westallgäuer of parts (rule high-hit a corner) at Austria back; it was administered from Innsbruck. After the collapse of the having citizen monarchy and the establishment of the State of German Austria the movement for the connection resulted in one to Switzerland in a popular vote 1919Majority of 80%, failed however because of the zögerlichen policy of the Swiss Upper House of Parliament, which did not want to bring the carefully counterbalanced relationship between languages and religions in Switzerland by an additional canton with German-speaking catholics in the imbalance (therefore it alsothe jokeful designation Vorarlbergs canton remaining), as well as at the peace treaties of pc. Germain and Versailles. Since 1918 Vorarlberg, from the National Socialist intermediate play gau of the Tirol Vorarlberg 1938 to 1945, is apart a Land of the Federal Republic of the Republic of Austria.
At that time of theNational socialism is to have come it into Vorarlberg every now and then also to events such as goal firing exercises of faithful SS-trailers on “not arische” infants in the year 1945, when the French soldiers moved forward and to early white flags from the windows hung many inhabitants. It camealso to the pursuit of a Jewish family from Dornbirn, which ended in their murder; today a road is designated after them.
Afterwards Vorarlberg from 1945 to 1955 belonged together with the country Tirol (excluded Osttirol) to the French zone of occupation. FirstNational captain of the 2. Republic was Ulrich Ilg. 1964 provided a ship baptism in the small Bodensee municipality, scandalous from view of the local population, foot oh for headlines and provided in the Federal Government for very much eddy. 1999 and 2005 devastated heavy inundationsDivide Vorarlbergs and caused heavy damage.
politics
since the beginning of the republic become Vorarlbergs politics of the conservative Austrian people's party and/or. their predecessor party dominates. The SPÖ separated 1974 from the federal state government. Vorarlberg was long time thatonly Austrian Land of the Federal Republic, in which the seats of the government are assigned according to national condition not in accordance with the Proporzprinzip, but in accordance with the Majorzprinzip, since 1999 however applies also in Salzburg and in Tirol the Majorzprinzip. The ÖVP had - up to the time intervalbetween 1999 and 2004 - always an absolute mandate majority and governs now together with the FPÖ. Since also the Greens are represented 1983 as a the fourth party in the Vorarlberger federal state parliament. The BZÖ was rejected of the Vorarlberger FPÖ - itprofess themselves in addition, not by hundred percent to the federation FPÖ but have themselves as “Vorarlberger liberal ones” abgespalten. Liberal the forum did not create the introduction in the Vorarlberger federal state parliament. Zurzeit are 2 Vorarlberger in the Federal Government as Ministers represented (stroke ore fermenting brook (traffic,Vice-chancellor) and Elizabeth Gehrer (education)).
Present national captain Vorarlbergs is Dr. Harsh ore Sausgruber (ÖVP), its deputy and thus national governor is Dr. Hans Peter bishop (ÖVP). President of the Vorarlberger of federal state parliament is Gebhard Halder (ÖVP).
The seat thatFederal state government is in Bregenz, the national court is settled in Feldkirch and the higher regional court in Innsbruck.
national captains of the second Republic of
| 24. May 1945 | - | 18. October 1964 | : Ulrich Ilg |
| 18. October 1964 | - | 9. July1987 | : Harsh ore Kessler |
| 9. July 1987 | - | 2. April 1997 | : Martin Purt |
| since 2. April 1997 | : Harsh ore Sausgruber |
Geografie
Vorarlberg is with its surface of 2.601, 48 km ² to Vienna the secondarysmallest Land of the Federal Republic of Austria. Ithad an external border length of 256 km, which divide it with Germany, Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
administration
Vorarlberg is divided into four political districts. That are arranged from north to south:
see also: Municipalitiesin Vorarlberg
valley shanks
the gebirgige Vorarlberg geographically particularly by the valleys and their rivers one structures: The Rhine Valley with the Rhine and the whale gau with the Ill are the most densely populated. Further valleys and their rivers: Montafon (Ill); Monastery valley (Alfenz); Large Walsertal (Lutz), Brandnertal (Alvier), Laternsertal (Frutz), body laughter valley (body-laugh), Bregenzerwald (Bregenzer oh), small Walsertal (broad oh) and the Lechtal (Lech) in the Arlberg - area.
nature
the Zimba is one of the most well-known climbing mountains in Vorarlberg with a height of 2.645 m over NN. Since the form of the mountain from all sides reminds of a horn, it becomes also Vorarlberger matte horn mentioned. The Zustiege into the climbing routes is not heavy too, however the routes should not be underestimated actually. The highest mountain is the Piz Buin in the Silvretta with 3.312 m over NN.
The protected area Rhine delta is the largest humid area at the Bodensee and ranks among the most important breeding and rest areas for birds.
To the most spectacular nature plays in the Rhine Valley the Ebniter valley with the black horse hole , Alploch, shovel ravine, the Staufensee, the Kirchle and the Kobelach belongs. The ravinesare attainable and from April to Octobers accessible over Dornbirn, outside of this time exists the danger of falling rocks. See Web on the left of.
population
| Population trend | |
|---|---|
| date | inhabitant |
| 7. March 1923 | 139,968 |
| 1. June 1951 | 193,657 |
| 21. March 1961 | 226.323 |
| 12. May 1971 | 271,473 |
| 12. May 1981 | 305,164 |
| 15. May 1991 | 333,128 |
| 15. May 2001 | 376,599 |
Vorarlberg is today the most secondaryclosely settled Land of the Federal Republic of Austria and ordered with the population centre between Feldkirch and Hörbranz over one at the closest settledOrders Europe.
The small country has the highest foreigner portion apart from Vienna. It amounts to 13%. The largest group of foreigners are scarcely followed against the Austrian cut the Turks, of the Yugoslavs. The third group reduced far onForeigners are the Germans.
Vorarlberg had 19 into the second half. Century a very homogeneous population and was still relatively thinly populated to this time. The Rhine adjustment, the railway construction and the associated upswing of the industryabove all Italian brought in the country, who originated mainly from the Trentino.
To the Second World War it came to larger immigration waves to Vorarlberg, which above all the large population jump between 1923 and 1951 (despite the Second World War) and between 1961 and1971 explains.
The first immigration wave, which took place after the Second World War, consisted mainly of east Austrians (above all Steierer) and of predominantly German-speaking refugees of homeland (south animal oilers, Sudeten German and Untersteirer). In this time also the salient developed and today stillreceived and inhabited south animal oiler settlements in the larger municipalities of the country. This migration wave was caused by the relatively good economic situation in Vorarlberg and neighbouring Switzerland.
The second large immigration wave, which became particularly into the 60ern and early 70ern statfand,by immigrant workers from Turkey and Yugoslavia , those particularly causes for the textile industry, which experienced its bloom in the 60's-years was needed.
religion
78% the Vorarlberger are catholic and approx. 2.2% Evangelist. ThoseIn addition, Evangelist ones profess themselves to Augsburger the confession, it give to a large extent a small group, which professes itself to the helvetischen confession. The Muslims constitute 8.4% of the population. This faith particularly by Turkish and Bosnian immigrants one practicesand is to be found at the earliest in the district Dornbirn, where different Muslim groups of faith constitute more than 10% of the population.
dialect
contrary to remaining Austria one does not speak bairischen, but a alemannischen dialect in Vorarlberg.To the relationship to Swiss German, Alemannisch southof Baden and Swabian the popular designation Vorarlbergs refers as “Ländle”. The Vorarlberger dialect in the north (Bregenzerwald and the state capital Bregenz) is related at the next to the Allgäuer dialect; in the Vorarlberger the Rhine Valleysspoken dialect is very close at the dialects to Swiss of the Rhine Valley (canton pc. Gallen) as well as Liechtenstein. Particularly in geographical names, in addition, for some everyday life articles, many Roman terms kept and spread. See article Vorarlbergisch
of these articles inthe Alemanni Wikipedia.
traffic
the main traffic axle Vorarlbergs leads by the Rhine Valley, which whale gau and the monastery valley to the Arlberg, by which the Land of the Federal Republic is traffic-technically connected among other things with remaining Austria. The transitions most worth mentioningafter Tirol are the Bielerhöhe, the Arlbergpass and the Arlbergstrassentunnel, as well as the transition to the Lechtal with Warth.
On level of the individual traffic this traffic axle with that is Rhine Valley/whale gau motorway A 14 and the Arlberg motorway S 16 (with the Arlbergstrassentunnel) realizes.
Within the range of public traffic the main traffic axle is served of the west railroad line of the ÖBB ( inclusive Arlbergbahn) by a part. Besides there are still those, from a private enterprise led Montafonerbahn from Bludenz until the Schruns drives. ThoseNarrow-keep in track-strain in the Bregenzerwald became in the 70's - years replaced by penalty and one uses only for nostalgia travels. Land bus, city bus and local bus the system (most lines in the half hour clock) complete animals the public means of transport, those according to tariff in the Vorarlberger traffic group are integrated.
The Bodensee navigation does not have a great importance against the neighbouring regions in Switzerland and Germany. It serves mostly routistic purposes and operates mainly in the summer.
Vorarlberg does not have except an airfield for sport airplanes into of high Ems an airport. The nextAirports are old person Rhine (CH), Friedrichshafen (D), Zurich (CH), Innsbruck (A) Munich (D) and Stuttgart (D).
economics
economical is the Land of the Federal Republic Vorarlberg one of the industrial regions of Austria developed earliest. Today so no longer much the traditional textile industry dominates,separate the fine-mechanical and electrical industry as well as the tourism (Lech and Zürs at the Arlberg, Montafon, Bregenzerwald, Kleinwalsertal). Vorarlberg is the second-strongest industrialized Land of the Federal Republic of Austria with strongest export orientation (export quota of the industrial production zirka 70%). A furtherimportant factor are the border crossers into Switzerland and to Liechtenstein.
Among the large presenting enterprises with international meaning Bluem and Grass in most ( fittings) rank, Zumtobel in Dornbirn (illuminating engineering), Alpla in hard (plastic packing), Doppelmayr in Wolfurt (aerial ropeway equipment construction), smoke in Rankweil and Pfanner in loud oh (fruit juices), search pool of broadcasting corporations (chocolate) and Getzner textile in Bludenz as well as Wolford (textiles) in Bregenz.
Current economy forms today a fundamental point of the Vorarlberger economics, whereby water power is the main energy source. This is predominantly used for production by crest current.The artificial lakes of the hydro-electric power plants are all in the rear Montafon. Due to an agreement with Baden-Wuerttemberg crest current with German basic stream in the relationship 1:4 is exchanged. 2003 were Vorarlberg also the first region of Europe, in which more regenerativ energy produces thanthere one uses.Ok east Rome from Vorarlberg becomes therefore also in the German westgeneral-outer, into which Switzerland sells and into other Austrian Lands of the Federal Republic. The largest generator Vorarlbergs is the Illwerke AG. It produces 75% of the Vorarlberger of river above all throughWater power. Largest current salesman of the country is the VKW.
The Vorarlberger economics is momentarily affected by many changes such as drift of industrial companies (Huber leotard in high Ems and Head in Kenelbach) and rising numbers of unemployed. The numbers of unemployed in Vorarlberg lie with scarceover four per cent still untern the country wide average.
medium landscape
within the range of the printed media dominates the tendentious catholic-conservative daily paper “VN” (Vorarlberger message) of the publisher family soot (Eugen A. Soot), Vorarlberger medium house (blackoh). Socially this newspaper understands thatCountry Vorarlberg gladly as “homeland” in the spreading sense and as independent unit in relation to social-democratically dominated Vienna as historical “enemy picture” from the tradition one in the meantime generic term-oil become culture fight (keyword ship baptism foot oh 1964). In the newspaper sector it came again and again to judicialArguments between the Vorarlberger medium house and other publishers, which see the Vorarlberger medium house in a kind monopolistic position. The Vorarlberger medium house holds also portions of the private station “antenna Vorarlberg”. Only the ORF can oppose this medium quantity, with the regional program in beginningsas well as the regional television and the Radiosender radio Vorarlberg.
literature
- hero, Heinz: Vorarlberg and Liechtenstein. Landscape, history and culture in the “Ländle” and in the principality. Cologne 1988.
- Margot Lehner: “Vorarlberg: Country before the Arlberg " ISBN 376541946X
- Schurig, Heinzamong other things: “Country Vorarlberg, a documentation” ISBN 3-85258-007-2
Web on the left of
| Commons: Vorarlberg - pictures, videos and/or audio files |
| Wikinews: Vorarlberg - current message |
- homepage of the Vorarlberger federal state government
- entry over „Vorarlberg “ in the Austria encyclopedia of AEIOU
- legends and fairy tales from Vorarlberg
- Vorarlberger messages
- black horse hole ravine and Alplochschlucht
- municipalities in Vorarlberg detailed information to all municipalities in Vorarlberg
- Webcam overview in Vorarlberg
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