William McDougall

William McDougall (* 22. June 1871 Chadderton, Lancashire, England; † 28. November 1938 in Durham (North Carolina), the USA) was an English-American psychologist

life

he studied 1886-90 in Manchester natural sciences with the emphasis geology, 1890-94 medicine and physiology in Cambridge. Its clinical training received it 1894-99 at the pc. Thomas hospital in London under Charles Scott shearing ring clay/tone. After a study stay with George Elias Mueller in Goettingen he taught experimental psychology starting from 1900 at the University college London under James Sully, 1904-20 with interruption by the First World War at the University of Oxford. Among its pupils at the Jesus college in Oxford was Cyril Burt. he taught 1920-27 to the Harvard University psychology, afterwards went he to Durham to the Duke University, where he remained up to his death.

McDougall was 1904 joint founders that British Psychological Society and 1912 to the member of the Royal Society was selected.

McDougall called itself as arrogant. Both in England and in the USA he offended several times with his unorthodox opinions and was scientific personally like partly also a disputed person. It wrote at the same time a number of popular psychological writings, which contributed much to the spreading of the psychology.

hear-mix psychology

it was a first English-speaking psychologist, that the the subject of the psychology as the behavior (e. behavior) of humans and animal determined. Thus it leaned against the term of the act in the act psychology Franz Brentanos and set off against the stress of the perception and thinking of the Strukturalismus at that time and from parts of the functionalism . In demarcation to the radical Behaviorismus John of the B. Watson stressed McDougall however the internal drives (instincts, impulses, motives, will) and goal-directedness of the behavior and did not exclude consciousness not from its investigations. It called its approach hear-mixes psychology (griech. hormé: Drive, urge, eagerness). All animals and also humans had a specific set of innate 'instincts '. With humans it accepted different catalogs of instincts: among other things Fight, defense, escape, curiosity, breeding care, self-preservation and self degradation. Each of these instincts is expressed as motive, an accompanying emotion and purposeful behavior. While the central aspect, which is regarded drive and the accompanying emotion of it as unalterable, are the releasing attractions and the answer by the behavior by learning changeable. Thus it concerns in its “social psychology” above all with it, like the individual to learn itself can, these instincts “moralisieren”, with which it means to nationalize it socialcompatibly to überformen and. Its ideas affected Konrad Lorenz, even if the these hardly documented.

other areas

McDougall was strongly of Francis Galton affected and a representative of the Eugenik. It stands thereby in a tradition row strongly biological-genetically and eugenisch oriented psychologists: Francis Galton > William McDougall > Cyril Burt > Hans Jürgen Eysenck

he offended at the same time with the scientific community, by making experiments against the theories of the Darwinismus the transmission of acquired characteristics (Lamarckismus).

1920 to 1921 he was a president of the Society for Psychical Research. On its initiative 1935 to the Duke University that world-wide first parapsychologische laboratory under the line of the biologist Joseph bank were furnished to Rhine (1895-1980).

works (selection)

• 1908-50, reprinted 1973: At Introduction ton of Social Psychology [1]
  • dt. 1928: Bases of the Sozialpsychology. Jena: Fischer
• 1912: Psychology: The study OF behavior
  • dt. 1945: Psychology. The science of the behaviors. Berne: Francke
• 1920: Physiological Psychology
• 1923: Outline OF Psychology
• 1926: Abnormally Psychology
• 1929: & John B. Watson: The battle OF behaviorism: At exposition and exposure [2]
• 1930: Autobiography. In: C.Murchinson: A history OF psychology in autobiography. Worcester. Measure., 191-223 [3]
• 1932: The of energies OF one. New York: Scribners

literature

• D. K. Adam: William McDougall, in: Psychological Review, 46 (1939) S. 1-8
• Wolfgang beautiful plow: History and systematics of the psychology. A text book for the basic study, Beltz, Weinheim, 2004, ISBN 3-621-27559-2
• Raymond Van Over, Laura Oteri, Angus McDougall (Hrsg.): William McDougall. Explorer OF the Mind; studies in Psychological Research, Helix press, New York, 1967

see also

Wikiquote: William McDougall - quotations