Willy Brandt

Willy Brandt (* 18. December 1913 in Luebeck; ? 8. October 1992 in Unkel to Rhine; actually Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm) was in German social-democratically Politician.

It was of 1957 to 1966 Governing mayor of Berlin, from 1966 to 1969 Federal Minister of the Foreign Office and Deputy of the Federal Chancellor as well as from 1969 to 1974 Federal Chancellor that Federal Republic of Germany. For its East politics, to relaxation and reconciliation with the Eastern European states was aligned, it received to 10. December 1971 that The Nobel peace prize.

Table of contents 1 Life 2 Political career 2.1 Berlin 2.2 In the federal politics 1961-1969 2.3 Federal Chancellor 2.4 After the resignation as Federal Chancellors 3 Quotations over it 4 Quotations 5 Works 6 See also 7 Literature 8 Web on the left of

Life

Willy Brandt (geb. as Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm) is son of Martha Frahm and John Moeller. He never became acquainted with its father; it buildup with its nut/mother and its grandfather.

Brandt war von 1941 bis 1948 mit Carlotta Thorkildsen verheiratet und hatte mit ihr die gemeinsame Tochter Ninja (*1940). After the divorce he married still 1948 the verwitwete Rut Bergaust, born Hansen. From this relationship three sons followed, Peter (*1948), Lars (*1951) and Matthias (*1961). After 32 years marriage Rut and Willy Brandt left themselves 1980 separate. To 9. December 1983 Brandt married the Historikerin and Publizistin Brigitte Seebacher (*1946).

Brandt stepped 1929 the socialist youth and one year later that SPD . 1931 it changed to Socialist labour party (SAP), a left-socialist group.

1932 it put that Abitur to Johanneum to Luebeck off. After Hitler Seizure of power 1933 became those SAP forbidden. The party decided, in the underground against those National socialist to fight. Willy Brandt was assigned, in Oslo to construct a cell of the organization. It emigrierte over Denmark after Norway.

He added himself 1934 the pseudonym Willy Brandt, which it 1947 also officially took over.

Under that Pseudonym It turned Gunnar ATM country for the period between Septembers and Decembers 1936 as a student again to Germany back and was thereafter 1937 as War correspondent in Spanish civil war actively.

1938 took place those Deprivation of citizenship by those National Socialist Government, why it itself around those Norwegian Nationality endeavored. During the German occupation of Norway in 2. World war it turned out 1940 temporarily into German shank. Since it carried a Norwegian uniform however with its seizure and one did not unmask, it could after its imminent release after Sweden flee. In August 1940 it the Norwegian nationality of the message became in Stockholm awarded. It remained in Stockholm up to the end of the war.

1945 Brandt turned as Correspondent for Scandinavian Newspapers to Germany back and became 1948 again German Citizen. 1949 it could its pseudonym Willy Brandt be recognized as official names of police headquarters Berlin.

Political career

Berlin

Its political career began 1949 as Berlin Delegate for the SPD in first German Bundestag. Altogether Brandt belonged to the Bundestag of 1949 to 1957, of 1961 up to 27. December 1961 and of 1969 up to its death, thus altogether 31 years long, on. 1950 became it also member of the Lower House of Berlin. It put this mandate only to 6. April 1971, thus scarcely two years after its choice to Federal Chancellor, down.

1955 became Willy Brandt in the follow-up Petrol Suhrs President of the Berlin Lower Houses. 1957 became it, likewise in the follow-up petrol Suhrs, to Governing mayor selected. In this office Brandt attained due to his decided acting during of the Berlin ultimatum (1958) and after that Building of the Wall 1961 enormous popularity.

This popularity settled also in the election results of the citizens of Berlin SPD: 1958 the SPD increased by 8,0 % on 52,6 % of the voices, 1963 achieved it with 61,9 % of the voices the secondarybest result of its history.

It remained to 1966 in this office. Of the 1. November 1957 up to 31. October 1958 was Brandt Upper House of Parliament president.

Of 1958 to 1963 he was regional chairman of the SPD Berlin.

In the federal politics 1961-1969

With that Election to the Bundestag 1961 Brandt stepped for the first time as Candidate for the chancellorship its party approximately Konrad Adenauer on. The SPD added clearly, to the government assumption it was not enough however yet. 1964 he took over as a successor of the deceased Erich Ollenhauer the federal presidency of the social-democratic party of Germany, which it to 1987 held. With that Election to the Bundestag 1965 it was subject to Federal Chancellor Ludwig Erhard, whereupon he withdrew himself disappointed temporarily from the federal politics and excluded a further chancellor candidacy.

After Erhard's resignation 1966 became Kurt George Kiesinger (CDU) to the Federal Chancellor selected, the one Large coalition with the SPD formed. Willy Brandt withdrew from its citizen of Berlin office and took over the office of the Minister of foreign affairs and Vice-chancellor.

Federal Chancellor

After that Election to the Bundestag 1969 Willy Brandt educated against the will of Herbert Wehner and Helmut Schmidt, the one continuation of the large coalition would have preferred, a coalition with that FDP. Those social liberal coalition had only a majority of six voices. The Bundestag selected Brandt to fourth Federal Chancellor in the history of the Federal Republic. Vice-chancellor and minister of foreign affairs became Walter cross-eyed (FDP).

Brandts term of office is connected with the keyword that East politics, those that cold war under the password "change by approximation" and/or. "and those reduce politics of the small steps" Berlin wall to make more permeable should.

That Case of knee of Warsaw (1970) to Memorial of the GhettoRebellion of 1943 symbolically those led Policy of detente , into the in such a way specified East contracts with Poland and that Soviet Union flowed. In addition came later that Basis-of-relations treaty with that GDR - 1970 it had itself with the chairman of the Council of Ministers and deputy chairman of the Council of State Willi Stoph only in Erfurt, then in Kassel met - and an agreement with that Czechoslovakia. But it received 1971 that The Nobel peace prize.

With this "new one in such a way specified East politics", the Willy Brandt together also Walter cross-eyed against the decided resistance of the majority of the CDUCSU opposition interspersed, strove he for a "relaxation in Europe".

The historical and political science see therein today a way preparing for the collapse of the communist governments in Eastern Europe and those Reunification Germany. At that time by conservative side one accused to him, thus an unnecessary acknowledgment of the GDR to have operated. They did not see the policy of detente as way to the collapse of the states of the Eastern Bloc, separate only stated in the result a revaluation of the governments.

At the same time it concerned to it relating to domestic affairs Reforms in the social -, Education and right politics. was that dares "more democracy" Slogan, with the Brandt the stagnation relating to domestic affairs of the post-war period to overcome wanted. Also due to that Oil crisis of 1973 in consequence of the Israeli-Arab Jom Kippur war these reforms were only partly realized.

Since assumption of office of the government had Brandt up to the year 1972 so many delegates that SPD and that FDP to Union faction changed, among them the former Federal Minister Erich Mende, that the CDUCSU parliamentary group computationally over knappe an absolute majority ordered. That CDU/CSULeader of the parliamentary group Rainer Barzel believed therefore in April 1972, Willy Brandt by means of one constructional vote of no confidence replace to be able. But for its choice to Federal Chancellor with the tuning two voices were missing to it. Became later admits, that those GDR at least had captivated one delegate of the CDU. There however also the SPDFDP coalition in the Bundestag over no more majority authorized to act ordered, Brandt placed those in September 1972 Question of confidence, with which itself as agreed those Federal Minister contained, so that the question of confidence was answered negatively and Federal President Gustav Heinemann on request Brandts the Bundestag dissolved.

With the new elections in November 1972 the government Brandt was confirmed clearly and had now a broad majority authorized to act in the Bundestag. The SPD became with 45,8 % of the voices strongest Bundestag faction for the first time, a result, also abroad as popular vote over those East contracts one understood, for their parliamentary Ratification now the way was free.

To 7. June 1973 visited Willy Brandt as a first German Federal Chancellor Israel, after 1965 the diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic and Israel taken up was. Already 1970 had also Abba Eban for the first time an Israeli minister of foreign affairs the Federal Republic visits, the return visit by ministers of foreign affairs Walter cross-eyed in the same year had taken place.

To 6. May 1974 Brandt stepped - for those Public surprisingly - due to that Espionage-Affair around its personal adviser Guenter Guillaume as Federal Chancellor back.

Political observers are itself today united, that the agent affair was only the trip for the planned resignation. As an actual cause for the resignation office tiredness and depressions Brandts are generally accepted, to criticism at its undetermined style of leadership led also party-internally. Thus the SPD leader of the parliamentary group ensured Herbert Wehner during a Moscow attendance in the summer 1973 for attention, as he to journalists said: "the Federal Chancellor bathes gladly lau".

The successor Brandts as Federal Chancellors became Helmut Schmidt selected, Willy Brandt remained however a chairman that SPD. This office separation designated Schmidt later than an error.

After the resignation as Federal Chancellors

Also after its resignation from the office of the Federal Chancellor Brandt remained politically further extremely active: 1976 became he a president that Socialist international one (up to 15. September 1992), 1979 Member of the European parliament (up to 1. March 1983).

To 15. November 1978 Brandt suffered one Cardiac infarct.

In April 1977 carried World Bank president Robert McNamara Brandt the presidency of the "independent commission for international development questions" (North south commission) on. After nearly three years the commission put consultation to 12. February 1980 in New York their North south report forwards, that generally as "Brandt report" admits became.

To 7. July 1979 Brandt and the Austrian Federal Chancellor came Bruno Kreisky in Vienna with Palestinian leader Jassir Arafat to a disputed exchange of views together. To 15. October 1984 Brandt hit itself Cuba with president Fidel Castro. In the same year Brandt met also also Deng Xiaoping and Mikhail Gorbatschow. To 19. September 1985 he came into East Berlin to discussions with that GDR-Council of State chairman Erich Honecker together.

Brandt belonged further to the Bundestag and opened after that Election to the Bundestag 1987 as Chairman by seniority the Bundestag, after it already 1983 secondaryolder Member of the Bundestag after its party friend Egon Franke had been and it this the precedence with the opening had left.

To 23. March 1987 Brandt withdrew from the party presidency of the SPD, after at its nominating of Margarita Mathiopoulos as a candidate for that office of the party spokeswoman harsche party-internal criticism which can be occupied again was expressed. On that extraordinary Party Congress to 14. June 1987 he was selected to the honorary chairman on lifetime; his successor as party chairmen became Hans yokes bird selected.

To 20 January 1989 Federal President Richard von Weizsaecker loaded on the occasion of 75. Birthday of Willy Brandt to a birthday celebration into those Mansion Hammerschmidt, to that numerous friends, Way comrades and politicians appeared, among them Bjoern close cross-beam, Peter Glotz, Holger Boerner, Shepard Stone, Walter cross-eyed, Oskar Lafontaine, Bruno Kreisky, Ernst Breit, Karel van Miert, Kurt sharp, Egon Bahr, Friedbert Pflueger, Basil Mathiopoulos, Hans Katzer, Johannes Rau, Helmut Kohl, Layachi Yaker, Jacques Delors, Ingvar Carlsson, Hans yokes bird, Shridath Surendranath Ramphal, Franz Vranitzky, Alan gust sec., George liver, Valentin Falin, Rainer Barzel, Francois Mitterrand, Gro Harlem Brundtland, Mieczys?aw Rakowski, Mário Soares, Hans Dietrich Genscher and Shimon Peres.

Brandt opened the first all-German Bundestag to 20 December 1990 like 1983 and 1987 likewise as a chairman by seniority. Some weeks before, to 9. November 1990, was Brandt with 194 hostages, their release it with the Iraqi president Saddam Hussein had reached, returned to Germany.

After that Case of the wall belonged Brandt to a decided proponent of a government removal of Bonn after Berlin. To 20 June 1991 that decided Bundestag - among other things on request Willy Brandts - finally the removal.

To 4. October 1991 became with Brandt a tumor in Intestine discovered, to 10. October 1991 one removed. To 1. February 1992 received Brandt in Heidelberg that Dolf SternbergerPrice. To 9. May 1992 Brandt gave that PictureEditor Ulrich rose tree its last interview at all. To 10. May 1992 it was instructed again into the university clinic Cologne and to 22. May 1992 again operate. The operation was broken off however after 10 minutes; that Cancer had returned and in the meantime had too strongly strewn, several organs were already concerned. To 30. May 1992 left Brandt the hospital and went together with his wife into his house after Unkel, which it did not leave up to its death no more. In the subsequent months Willy Brandt visited some political way companions, how Helmut Schmidt, Johannes Rau, Egon Bahr, Hans Koschnick, Hans yokes bird, Hans Juergen wiping new ski, Holger Boerner, Bjoern close cross-beam, Hans's acorn, Rudolf Scharping, Felipe González or Pierre Mauroy. Federal President Richard of Weizsaecker visited Brandt to 29. July 1992, Federal Chancellor Helmut Kohl came to 27. August 1992. To a somewhat unfortunate incident it came to 20 September 1992: As Mikhail Gorbatschow Brandt undeclared to visit wanted and itself also Gorbachev at the intercom of the house announced, Brandts wife regarded this as a bad joke and refused to the visitor the admission. She did not believe, that actually Gorbachev before the door stood.

Brandts state of health worsened off August 1992 increasing. It died finally to 8. October 1992 at 16:35 o'clock. To 17. October 1992 the meant Bundestag its in one Act of state.

Long time lived Brandt in the Eschenbrenderstrasse in Unkel, subsequently, it moved, remained however in Unkel. In its last house an exhibition is to be seen over it. It is Honour citizen the city Luebeck as well as of Berlin. Its grave is on the forest cemetery in the Potsdamer Chaussee in Berlin Nikolassee in the district Steglitz Zehlendorf beside that of its predecessor Ernst Reuter.

Quotations over it

Willy Brandts life is a German fate of this century. A life of full risks of the existence, coined/shaped of good success, hard setbacks and new banks. Richard of Weizsaecker, Federal President A.D.

It is to govern and not erigieren. Herbert Wehner, Leader of the parliamentary group of the SPD.

Quotations

- quotations

• "now grows together, which belongs together."(reunification)

• "is not nothing lost, which long playful would be."(east contracts)

• "we want to dare more democracy."

Works

• My way to Berlin, Kindler publishing house, Munich 1960.
• Policy of peace in Europe, S. Fischer publishing house, Frankfurt/Main 1968.
• Meetings and insights 1960-1975, Hoping man and Campe, Hamburg 1976. ISBN 3-455-08979-8
• Memories, Propylaeen publishing house, Frankfurt/Main 1989. ISBN 3-549-07353-4

See also

• Cabinet Kiesinger
• Cabinet Brandt I
• Cabinet Brandt II

Literature

• Mathiopoulos, Margarita and Darchinger, Jupp: Willy Brandt, Pictures from the life of a large European, Droemer Knaur, Munich 1993. ISBN 3-426-26745-4
• Winnerist, Joachim: "criminals and other German", 1989, ISBN 3910087027
• Merseburger, Peter: Willy Brandt, 1913-1992. Visionaer and materialist, DVA, Stuttgart 2002. ISBN 3-423-34097-5, Review on the sides that Time
• Refuge Moeller (Hrsg.): Willy Brandt and France, Munich 2005 (Oldenbourg), 286 S., Row: Series of publications of the quarter booklets for contemporary history - special issues, ISBN 3-486-57649-6
• Schoellgen, Gregor: Willy Brandt. The biography, Propylaeen publishing house, Berlin 2001. ISBN 3-549-07142-6
• Brandt, Rut: Friend country - memories, Hoping man and Campe, 1992
• Sea-brook he Brandt, Brigitte: Willy Brandt, Piper publishing house, 2004. ISBN 3-492-04383-6

Web on the left of

- pictures, Video or audio files

- quotations

• Literature by and over Willy Brandt in the catalog that DDB
• Information of the Nobelstiftung for award of the prize 1971 for Willy Brandt (English)
• Federal Chancellor Willy Brandt donation (Berlin)
• Online-biography Willy Brandts (Berlin)
• Personal record Willy Brandts
• Kurzbiografie Willy Brandts
• Willy Brandt archives in archives of the social democracy of the FES (Bonn)
• Willy Brandt Personalbibliografie on-line one
• Norwegian-German Willy Brandt donation (Oslo)

Person data
NAME	Brandt, Willy
ALTERNATIVE NAME	Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm (actually), Gunnar ATM country (pseudonym)
SHORT DESCRIPTION	German Politician (SPD), 1969-1974 Federal Chancellor that FRG
DATE OF BIRTH	18. December 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH	Luebeck
DYING DATE	8. October 1992
DYING PLACE	Unkel to Rhine