July 1

July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining.

Events

• 251 – The battle of Abrittus is won by Goths against Romans. Roman Emperors Decius and Herennius Etruscus are killed.
• 1097 - Battle of Dorylaeum: Crusaders under Bohemond of Taranto defeat a Turkish army under Qilich Arslan I.
• 1690 - Battle of the Boyne as reckoned under Julian calendar.
• 1782 - American privateers attack Lunenburg, Nova Scotia.
• 1858 - The joint reading of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace's papers on evolution to the Linnean Society.
• 1862 - Russian State Library is founded
• 1863 - American Civil War: the Battle of Gettysburg begins.
• 1867 - The British North America Act, 1867 takes effect as the Constitution of Canada, creating the Canadian Confederation; John A. Macdonald sworn as first Prime Minister.
• 1870 - The United States Department of Justice formally comes into existence.
• 1873 - Prince Edward Island joins the Canadian Confederation.
• 1878 - Canada joins the Universal Postal Union.
• 1881 - World's first international telephone call takes place between St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, and Calais, Maine, USA.
• 1881 - General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell-Childers reforms of the British Army's organisation, came into effect.
• 1885 - United States terminates reciprocity and fishery agreement with Canada.
• 1890 - Canada and Bermuda linked by telegraph cable.
• 1904 - Games of the III Olympiad open in Saint Louis, Missouri.
• 1916 - First day on the Somme: On the first day of the Battle of the Somme 20,000 soldiers of the British Army are killed and 40,000 wounded.
• 1931 - Official opening of Milan Central Station.
• 1923 - Canadian Parliament suspends all Chinese immigration.
• 1935 - Regina, Saskatchewan police and Royal Canadian Mounted Police ambush strikers participating in On-to-Ottawa-Trek.
• 1947 - The Australian real estate franchise L. J. Hooker lists on the Australian Stock Exchange
• 1948 - Official opening of New York International Airport (now known as John F. Kennedy International Airport) at Idlewild.
• 1957 - The International Geophysical Year begins (until December 31, 1958).
• 1958 - The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation links television broadcasting across Canada via microwave.
• 1958 - Flooding of the St. Lawrence Seaway begins.
• 1959 - The Party of the African Federation (PFA) holds its constitutive conference.
• 1960 - Independence of Somalia.
• 1962 - Independence of Rwanda.
• 1962 - Independence of Burundi.
• 1963 - ZIP Codes are introduced for United States mail.
• 1963 - The British Government admits that former diplomat Kim Philby had worked as a Soviet agent.
• 1963 - U.S President John F. Kennedy arrives in Rome
• 1966 - First colour television transmission in Canada, from Toronto.
• 1967 - The European Community is formally created out of a merger with the Common Market, the European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Atomic Energy Commission.
• 1968 - The CIA's Phoenix Program is officially established.
• 1968 - The Nuclear non-proliferation treaty signed by about sixty countries in Geneva, Switzerland.
• 1968 - Formal separation of the United Auto Workers from the AFL-CIO.
• 1969 - Rock group The Band release their influential debut Music From Big Pink.
• 1972 - Andreas Baader, Jan-Carl Raspe and Holger Meins of the Red Army Faction are captured in Frankfurt after a shootout with the police.
• 1979 - Sony introduces the Walkman.
• 1980 - O Canada officially becomes the national anthem of Canada.
• 1983 - A North Korean Ilyushin Il-62M jet en route to Conakry Airport in Guinea crashes into the Fouta Djall Mountains in Guinea-Bissau, killing all 23 people on board.
• 1986 - In an interview with Playboy magazine, science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke comes out as a bisexual.
• 1987 - Excavation begins on the Channel Tunnel.
• 1988 - Bologna, Italy: Quartetto Cetra's last concert after over forty years' musical career.
• 1990 - East Germany accepts the Deutsche Mark as its currency, thus uniting the economies of East and West Germany.
• 1991 - The Warsaw Pact is officially dissolved at a meeting in Prague.
• 1992 - Silicon Graphics releases OpenGL 1.0.
• 1997 - The United Kingdom hands sovereignty over Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China.
• 1999 - The Scottish Parliament is officially opened by Queen Elizabeth on the day powers are officially transferred from the old Scottish Office in London to the new devolved Scottish Executive in Edinburgh.
• 2000 - Vermont's civil unions law goes into effect.

Stambaugh and Mineral Hills get merged into Iron River, Michigan.

• 2002 - A Bashkirian Airlines Tupolev TU-154 and a DHL (German cargo) Boeing 757 collide in mid-air over southern Germany, killing 71.
• 2003 - In Hong Kong, 500,000 people march to protest a new anti-subversion law.
• 2004 - In Hong Kong, 530,000 people march to urge a faster pace of democratisation and universal suffrage.
• 2004 - Saturn Orbit Insertion of Cassini-Huygens begins at 01:12 UT and ends at 02:48 UT.
• 2005 - Microsoft plans to end official support of Windows 2000
• 2005 - Make Poverty History's White Band Day.
• 2005 - United Kingdom takes over the Presidency of the Council of the European Union.
• 2005 - Revaluation of the Romanian Leu
• 2005 - Eye is born!!

Births

• 1481 - King Christian II of Denmark, Sweden and Norway (d. 1559)
• 1506 - King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia (d. 1526)
• 1534 - King Frederick II of Denmark (d. 1588)
• 1574 - Joseph Hall, English bishop and writer (d. 1656)
• 1586 - Claudio Saracini, Italian composer (d. 1630)
• 1633 - Johann Heinrich Heidegger, Swiss theologian (d. 1698)
• 1646 - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, German mathematician and philosopher (d. 1716)
• 1676 - Anthony Collins, English philosopher
• 1723 - Pedro Rodríguez, Conde de Campomanes, Spanish statesman and writer (d. 1802)
• 1725 - Comte de Rochambeau, French soldier (d. 1807)
• 1742 - Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, German physicist (d. 1799)
• 1804 - George Sand, French writer (d. 1876)
• 1807 - Thomas Green Clemson, founder of Clemson University (d. 1888)
• 1818 - Ignaz Semmelweis, Hungarian-Austrian physician (d. 1865)
• 1863 - William Stairs, Canadian explorer (d. 1892)
• 1869 - William Strunk Jr., American grammarian (d. 1946)
• 1872 - Louis Blériot, French aviation pioneer (d. 1936)
• 1879 - Léon Jouhaux, French labor leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1954)
• 1899 - Thomas A. Dorsey, American father of gospel music (d. 1993)
• 1899 - Charles Laughton, English actor (d. 1962)
• 1902 - William Wyler, French-born film director (d. 1981)
• 1903 - Amy Johnson, English pilot (d. 1941)
• 1906 - Estée Lauder, American cosmetics entrepreneur (d. 2004)
• 1908 - Peg Entwistle, Welsh actress (d. 1932)
• 1909 - Bill Stern, American sportscaster (d. 1971)
• 1912 - David R. Brower, American environmentalist (d. 2000)
• 1916 - Olivia de Havilland, British actress
• 1917 - Humphry Osmond, British psychiatrist
• 1921 - Seretse Khama, first President of Botswana
• 1925 - Farley Granger, American actor
• 1926 - Robert Fogel, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1926 - Hans Werner Henze, German composer
• 1929 - Gerald Edelman, American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• 1930 - Bobby Day, American singer (d. 1990)
• 1931 - Leslie Caron, French actress
• 1934 - Jamie Farr, American actor
• 1934 - Jean Marsh, English actress
• 1934 - Sydney Pollack, American film director, producer, and actor
• 1941 - Alfred G. Gilman, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• 1941 - Myron Scholes, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1941 - Twyla Tharp, American choreographer
• 1941 - Rod Gilbert, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1942 - Karen Black, American actress
• 1942 - Geneviève Bujold, Canadian actress
• 1942 - Andraé Crouch, American singer, conductor, and actor
• 1945 - Deborah Harry, American musician, (Blondie)
• 1946 - June Montiero, American singer (Toys)
• 1949 - John Farnham, Australian singer
• 1951 - Fred Schneider, American keyboardist (The B-52's)
• 1952 - Dan Aykroyd, Canadian actor
• 1960 - Evelyn King, American singer
• 1961 - Kalpana Chawla, astronaut and engineer (d. 2003)
• 1961 - Diana, Princess of Wales, (d. 1997)
• 1961 - Carl Lewis, American athlete
• 1961 - Michelle Wright, Canadian singer, songwriter, and musician
• 1961 - Malcolm Elliott, British cyclist
• 1963 - Roddy Bottum, American musician (Faith No More and Imperial Teen)
• 1965 - Harald Zwart, Norwegian film director
• 1967 - Pamela Anderson, Canadian model and actress
• 1971 - Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott, American singer
• 1971 - Julianne Nicholson, American actress
• 1972 - Claire Forlani, American actress
• 1975 - Sufjan Stevens, American musician
• 1976 - Patrick Kluivert, Dutch footballer
• 1976 - Ruud van Nistelrooy, Dutch footballer
• 1977 - Jarome Iginla, Canadian hockey player
• 1977 - Liv Tyler, American actress
• 1981 - Tadhg Kennelly, Australian footballer
• 1982 - Adrian Ward, American football player
• 1982 - Carmella DeCesare, American model
• 1982 - Hilarie Burton, American actress

Deaths

• 251 – Decius, Roman Emperor (b. 207)
• 251 – Herennius Etruscus, Roman Emperor (b. ca. 227)
• 868 - Ali al-Hadi, Shia Imam (b. 828)
• 1109 - King Alfonso VI of Castile (b. 1040)
• 1277 - Baibars, Mameluk sultan of Egypt (b. 1223)
• 1566 - Nostradamus, French astrologer (b. 1503)
• 1592 - Marc Antonio Ingegneri, Italian composer
• 1614 - Isaac Casaubon, French-born classical scholar (b. 1559)
• 1622 - William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle, British politician (b. 1575)
• 1681 - Oliver Plunkett, Irish saint (b. 1629)
• 1708 - Emperor Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia (b. 1706)
• 1774 - Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, English statesman (b. 1705)
• 1782 - Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1730)
• 1784 - Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, German composer (b. 1710)
• 1819 - Jemima Wilkinson, American preacher (b. 1752)
• 1894 - Allan Pinkerton, American private detective (b. 1819)
• 1896 - Harriet Beecher Stowe, American author (b. 1811)
• 1925 - Erik Satie, French composer (b. 1866)
• 1944 - Tanya Savicheva, Russian diarist (b. 1930)
• 1950 - Eliel Saarinen, Finnish architect (b. 1873)
• 1961 - Louis-Ferdinand Céline, French writer (b. 1894)
• 1964 - Pierre Monteux, French conductor (b. 1875)
• 1965 - Wally Hammond, English cricketer (b. 1903)
• 1971 - William Lawrence Bragg, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1890)
• 1974 - Juan Perón, President of Argentina (b. 1895)
• 1981 - Carlos de Oliveira, Portuguese writer (b. 1921)
• 1983 - R. Buckminster Fuller, American architect and philosopher (b. 1903)
• 1984 - Moshe Feldenkrais, Ukrainian-born educator (b. 1904)
• 1991 - Michael Landon, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1936)
• 1995 - Wolfman Jack, radio personality (b. 1939)
• 1996 - William T. Cahill, Governor of New Jersey (b. 1904)
• 1997 - Robert Mitchum, American actor (b. 1917)
• 1999 - Edward Dmytryk, Canadian-born film director (b. 1908)
• 1999 - Forrest Mars Sr., American candy magnate (b. 1904)
• 1999 - Sylvia Sidney, American actress (b. 1910)
• 2000 - Walter Matthau, American actor (b. 1920)
• 2001 - Nikolay Basov, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1922)
• 2003 - Herbie Mann, American jazz flutist (b. 1930)
• 2003 - Wesley Mouzon, American boxer (b. 1927)
• 2003 - N!xau, Namibian actor (b. 1944)
• 2004 - Peter Barnes, English writer (b. 1931)
• 2004 - Marlon Brando, American actor (b. 1924)
• 2005 - Luther Vandross, American singer (b. 1951)
• 2005 - Obie Benson, American musician (b. 1936)

Holidays and observances

• Canada Day (formerly Dominion Day) - national holiday of Canada
  • Moving Day in the province of Québec
  • Memorial Day in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador
• Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day

Arts

• Japanese entertainer Ayumi Hamasaki has recorded and released a song by the name of July 1st. It appeared first on her EP H and then her album Rainbow.

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

June 30 - July 2 - June 1 - August 1 -- listing of all days