July 13

July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining.

Events

• 1174 - William the Lion of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, was captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
• 1558 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines.
• 1573 - Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Haarlem ends after seven months.
• 1643 - English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down - In England, Lord Henry Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, wins a crushing victory over the Parliamentarian Sir William Waller.
• 1772 - HMS Resolution, under the command of Captain James Cook, set sail from Plymouth, England.
• 1787 - The Continental Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance establishing governing rules for the Northwest Territory. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of slavery.
• 1793 - Jean Paul Marat, one of the leaders of the French revolution, is murdered by Charlotte Corday.
• 1794 - Battle of the Vosges between French forces and those of Prussia and Austria
• 1822 - Greek War of Independence: Greeks defeat Ottoman forces at Thermopylae.
• 1837 - Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom moves into the first Buckingham Palace in London and is the first British monarch to live there.
• 1854 - In the battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General Jose Maria Yanez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset Boulbon.
• 1863 - New York Draft Riots: In New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
• 1878 - Treaty of Berlin: The European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia and Montenegro become completely independent of the Ottoman empire.
• 1900 - Boxer Rebellion: In China, Tientsin is retaken by European Allies from the rebelling Boxers.
• 1908 - Women compete in modern Olympics for the first time.
• 1909 - Gold discovered near Cochrane, Ontario.
• 1919 - The British airship R-34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
• 1923 - The Hollywood Sign is officially dedicated in the hills above Hollywood, Los Angeles. It originally reads "Hollywoodland " but the four last letters are dropped after renovation in 1949.
• 1930 - The first FIFA World Cup begins in Uruguay.
• 1936 - A heat wave strikes the Midwestern United States. The all-time highest temperatures for the states of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Indiana are all recorded on this date.
• 1941 - World War II: Montenegrins start the first popular uprising in Europe against the Axis Powers (Crnogorski ustanak).
• 1942 - World War II: German U-Boats sink three more merchant ships in Gulf of St. Lawrence.
• 1948 - The Coptic and Ethiopian Churches reach an agreement leading to the promotion of the Ethiopian church to the rank of an autocephalous Patriarchate. Five bishops are immediately consecrated by the Patriarch of Alexandria, who are empowered to elect a new Patriarch for their church, and the successor to Abuna Qerellos IV is granted the power to consecrate new bishops.
• 1972 - The United States Democratic Party nominates George McGovern for president at its convention in Miami Beach, Florida but, because of an impassioned platform dispute, McGovern does not give his acceptance speech until the early morning hours of the 14th.
• 1973 - Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the Nixon tapes to the special Senate committee investigating the Watergate break in.
• 1977 - The New York City Blackout of 1977 lasts for 25 hours and results in looting and other disorder.
• 1978 - Ford Motor Company President Lee Iacocca is fired by chairman Henry Ford II, ending a long dispute between the men.
• 1978 - Sheldon Souray, Defenseman for the Montreal Canadiens, was born in Alberta,Canada.
• 1982 - Montreal hosts the first baseball All-Star Game outside the United States.
• 1983 Around 3,000 Tamils were slaughtered by Sinhalese Buddhist majority in Sri Lanka and some 400,000 Tamils fled to neighboring Tamil Nadu, India and this incident led directly to beginning of civil war in Sri Lanka.
• 1985 - The Live Aid benefit concert takes place in London and Philadelphia, as well as other venues such as Sydney and Moscow.
• 1996 - A Garuda Indonesia Airways DC-10 crashes on take-off from Fukuoka Airport, Japan, killing 3 passengers.
• 2002 - A lightning strike sets off the Sour Biscuit Fire in Oregon and northern California, which had burned 499,570 acres (2,020 km²) when finally contained on September 5.
• 2005 - Three trains collide in the Ghotki rail crash in Ghotki, Pakistan, killing over 150 people.

Births

• 100 BC - Gaius Julius Caesar, Roman general and polititian (d. 44 BC)
• 40 - Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman Governor of Britain (d. 93)
• 1527 - John Dee, English scientist (d. 1609)
• 1579 - Arthur Dee, English physician and alchemist (d. 1651)
• 1590 - Pope Clement X (d. 1676)
• 1607 - Václav Hollar, Czech-born actor (d. 1677)
• 1608 - Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1657)
• 1808 - Patrice MacMahon, duc de Magenta, President of France (d. 1893)
• 1821 - Nathan Bedford Forrest, Confederate general and Original Ku Klux Klan leader (d. 1877)
• 1841 - Otto Wagner, Austrian architect (d. 1918)
• 1858 - Stewart Culin, American ethnographer (d. 1929)
• 1864 - John Jacob Astor IV, American entrepreneur (d. 1912)
• 1894 - Isaac Babel, Ukrainian writer (d. 1940)
• 1900 - George Lewis, American musician (d. 1969)
• 1913 - Dave Garroway, American television host (d. 1982)
• 1918 - Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (d. 1955)
• 1921 - Ernest Gold, Austrian composer (d. 1999)
• 1921 - Friedrich Peter, Austrian poltitician (d. 2005)
• 1924 - Carlo Bergonzi, Italian tenor
• 1927 - Simone Veil, French politician
• 1928 - Bob Crane, American actor (d. 1978)
• 1929 - Alan Civil, English French horn player (d. 1989)
• 1931 - Frank Ramsey, American basketball player
• 1934 - Wole Soyinka, Nigerian writer, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1934 - Aleksei Yeliseyev, cosmonaut
• 1935 - Jack Kemp, American football player and Vice Presidential candidate
• 1936 - Albert Ayler, American musician (d. 1970)
• 1940 - Patrick Stewart, English actor
• 1941 - Robert Forster, American actor
• 1942 - Harrison Ford, American actor
• 1942 - Roger McGuinn, American musician
• 1944 - Ernő Rubik, Hungarian inventor, sculptor, and architect
• 1946 - Cheech Marin, American actor and comedian
• 1950 - George "Pinky" Nelson, astronaut
• 1953 - Johnny Clegg, South African composer and musician
• 1954 - Sezen Aksu, Turkish singer and songwriter
• 1956 - Claude Giroux, Canadian Professional Wrestler
• 1957 - Cameron Crowe, American film director and writer
• 1959 - Richard Leman, British field hockey player
• 1961 - Tim Watson, Australian footballer and coach
• 1962 - Rhonda Vincent, American singer and musician
• 1963 - Neal Foulds, English snooker player
• 1966 - Gerald Levert, American singer
• 1968 - Calvin Phelps, American artist
• 1970 - Barry Pinches, English snooker player
• 1974 - Jarno Trulli, Italian race car driver
• 1976 - Bruce Price, American engineer
• 1978 - Sheldon Souray, Canadian NHL player.
• 1979 - Craig Bellamy, Welsh footballer
• 1989 - Sayumi Michishige, Japanese singer
• 1992 - Dylan Patton, American actor

Deaths

• 939 - Pope Leo VII
• 1189 - Matilda of England, daughter of Henry II of England (b. 1156)
• 1205 - Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury and Justicier of England
• 1357 - Bartolus de Saxoferrato Italian jurist (b. 1313)
• 1399 - Peter Parler, German architect (b. 1330)
• 1402 - Jianwen Emperor of China (b. 1377)
• 1551 - John Wallop, English soldier and diplomat
• 1621 - Archduke Albert of Austria, Governor of the Low Countries (b. 1559)
• 1626 - Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English statesman (b. 1563)
• 1628 - Robert Shirley, English adventurer
• 1629 - Caspar Bartholin the Elder, Swedish physician and theologian (b. 1585)
• 1645 - Tsar Michael I of Russia (b. 1596)
• 1683 - Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, English statesman (b. 1631)
• 1705 - Titus Oates, English protestant conspirator (b. 1649)
• 1755 - Edward Braddock, British general
• 1761 - Tokugawa Ieshige, Japanese shogun (b. 1712)
• 1762 - James Bradley, English Astronomer Royal (b. 1693)
• 1789 - Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist (b. 1715)
• 1793 - Jean Paul Marat, French revolutionary (murdered) (b. 1743)
• 1807 - Henry Benedict Stuart, Jacobite claimant to the throne of England (b. 1725)
• 1889 - Robert Hamerling, Austrian poet (b. 1830)
• 1896 - Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, German chemist (b. 1829)
• 1946 - Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer (b. 1864)
• 1951 - Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian composer (b. 1874)
• 1954 - Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter (b. 1907)
• 1967 - Tom Simpson, British cyclist (exhaustion) (b. 1937)
• 1974 - Patrick Blackett, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
• 1976 - Joachim Peiper, German military leader (b. 1915)
• 1980 - Seretse Khama, first President of Botswana (b. 1921)
• 1983 - Gabrielle Roy, Canadian author (b. 1909)
• 1993 - Davey Allison, American race car driver (b. 1961)
• 2002 - Yousuf Karsh, Turkish-born photographer (b. 1908)
• 2003 - Compay Segundo, Cuban musician (Buena Vista Social Club) (b. 1907)
• 2004 - Goodwin Girdler, Russian composer (b. 1923)
• 2004 - Arthur Kane, American musician (New York Dolls) (leukemia) (b. 1951)
• 2004 - Carlos Kleiber, Austrian conductor (b. 1930)

Holidays and observances

• Kiribati - Independence Day, 2nd day (not a holiday)
• Mongolia - Naadam Holiday, 3rd day
• Bahá'í Faith - Feast of Kálimát (Words) - First day of the seventh month of the Bahá'í Calendar
• Bon Festival - Buddhist festival to honor the dead (East Japan)

External links

• BBC: On This Day

July 12 - July 14 - June 13 - August 13 - more listing of all days