July 9
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July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 175 days remaining.
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Events
- 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
- 1357 - Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor assisted laying the foundation stone of Charles Bridge in Prague
- 1540 - Henry VIII of England annulled his marriage to his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves.
- 1541 - Estevão da Gama departs Massawa, leaving behind 400 matchlock men and 150 slaves under his brother Christovão da Gama, with orders to assist the Emperor of Ethiopia defeat Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi who has invaded his Empire.
- 1749 - Naval settlement of Halifax, Nova Scotia founded as British answer to Louisbourg.
- 1755 - French and Indian War: Braddock Expedition - British troops and colonial militiamen are ambushed and suffer a devastating defeat by French and Native American forces.
- 1789 - In Versailles, the National Assembly reconstitutes itself as the National Constituent Assembly and begins preparations for a French constitution.
- 1790 - Russo-Swedish War: Second Battle of Svensksund - In the Baltic Sea, the Swedish Navy captures one third of the Russian fleet.
- 1793 - Act Against Slavery passed in Upper Canada and importation of slaves into Lower Canada is prohibited.
- 1815 - Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, Prince de Benevente becomes Prime Minister of France
- 1816 - Argentina declares independence from Spain
- 1846 - By an Act of Congress, the Washington, DC area south of the Potomac River (39 mi² or about 100 km²) is returned to Virginia.
- 1850 - President Zachary Taylor dies and Millard Fillmore becomes the 13th President of the United States.
- 1863 - The Siege of Port Hudson ends.
- 1896 - William Jennings Bryan delivers his Cross of gold speech.
- 1900 - Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom gives royal assent to an act creating the Commonwealth of Australia thus uniting separate colonies on the continent under one federal government.
- 1918 - Great train wreck of 1918: In Nashville, Tennessee, an inbound local train collides with an outbound express killing 101 and injuring 171 people, making it the deadliest rail accident in United States history.
- 1922 - Johnny Weissmuller swims the 100 meters freestyle in 58.6 seconds breaking a world swimming record and the 'minute barrier'.
- 1942 - Holocaust: Anne Frank's family goes into hiding in an attic above her father's office in an Amsterdam warehouse.
- 1943 - World War II: Operation Husky - Allied forces perform an amphibious invasion of Sicily.
- 1944 - World War II: Battle of Normandy - British and Canadian forces capture Caen, France.
- 1944 - World War II: Battle of Saipan - Americans take Saipan
- 1945 - A forest fire breaks out in the Tillamook Burn, the third fire in that area since 1933.
- 1955 - The Russell-Einstein Manifesto was released by Bertrand Russell in London.
- 1968 - Official opening of Hayward Gallery on London's South Bank.
- 1975 - The National Assembly of Senegal passes a law that will pave way for a (albeit highly restricted) multi-party system.
- 1979 - A car bomb destroys a Renault owned by famed "Nazi hunters" Serge and Beate Klarsfeld at their home in France. A note purportedly from ODESSA claims responsibility.
- 1981 - Senegalese political parties Party of Independence and Work (PIT) and Democratic League - Movement for the Labour Party (LD-MPT) legally recognized.
- 1982 - A Boeing 727 carrying Pan Am Flight 759 crashes in Kenner, Louisiana killing all 146 people on board and eight others on the ground.
- 1989 - Two bombs explode in Mecca, killing one pilgrim and wounding 16 others.
- 1991 - International Human Rights Federation cites human rights violations committed by police and military personnel during Oka crisis in Quebec, Canada.
- 1991 - South Africa is reintroduced into the Olympic movement after 30 years of exclusion.
- 1992 - Democratic presidential nominee Bill Clinton announces that Al Gore will be his running mate.
- 1995 - Musical group The Grateful Dead perform the last concert of their 30-year career at Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois
- 1997 - Mike Tyson's boxing license is suspended for at least a year and he is fined $3 million for biting Evander Holyfield's ear in a televised match.
- 1999 - Days of student protests begins after Iranian police and hardliners attack a student dormitory of University of Tehran
- 2002 - The African Union was established in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The first chairman was Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa.
- 2004 - After José Manuel Durão Barroso's appointment to the European Commission, Portuguese President Jorge Sampaio announces that he will invite the second-in-line leader of PSD, Pedro Santana Lopes to form government.
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Births
- 1249 - Emperor Kameyama of Japan (d. 1305)
- 1577 - Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, English Jamestown colonist (d. 1618)
- 1578 - Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1637)
- 1654 - Emperor Reigen of Japan (d. 1732)
- 1686 - Philip Livingston, American politician (d. 1749)
- 1689 - Alexis Piron, French writer (d. 1773)
- 1721 - Johann Nikolaus Götz, German poet (d. 1781)
- 1753 - William Waldegrave, 1st Baron Radstock, Governor of Newfoundland (d. 1825)
- 1764 - Ann Radcliffe, English writer (d. 1823)
- 1775 - Matthew Lewis, English novelist (d. 1818)
- 1808 - Alexander William Doniphan, American lawyer and soldier (d. 1887)
- 1848 - Robert I, Duke of Parma, last ruling Duke of Parma (d. 1907)
- 1800 - Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, German physician (d. 1885)
- 1819 - Elias Howe, American inventor (d. 1867)
- 1836 - Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1908)
- 1858 - Franz Boas, German anthropologist (d. 1942)
- 1879 - Ottorino Respighi, Italian composer (d. 1936)
- 1879 - Carlos Chagas, Brazilian physician (d. 1934)
- 1893 - George Geary, English cricketer (d. 1981)
- 1894 - Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1984)
- 1901 - Dame Barbara Cartland, English novelist (d. 2000)
- 1908 - Paul Brown, American football coach (d. 1991)
- 1911 - Mervyn Peake, British writer and illustrator (d. 1968)
- 1916 - Sir Dean Goffin, New Zealand composer (d. 1984)
- 1916 - Sir Edward Heath, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2005)
- 1926 - Ben Roy Mottelson, American-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1927 - Ed Ames, American singer and actor
- 1927 - Susan Cabot, American actress (d. 1986)
- 1929 - King Hassan II of Morocco, (d. 1999)
- 1929 - Jesse McReynolds, American singer and mandolinist
- 1932 - Donald Rumsfeld, United States Secretary of Defense
- 1935 - Wim Duisenberg, Dutch economist and politician (d. 2005)
- 1936 - June Jordan, American writer and teacher (d. 2002)
- 1937 - David Hockney, English artist
- 1938 - Brian Dennehy, American actor
- 1942 - Richard Roundtree, American actor
- 1942 - Edy Williams, American actress
- 1943 - John Casper, astronaut
- 1945 - Dean R. Koontz, American author
- 1946 - Bon Scott, Australian singer (AC/DC) (d. 1980)
- 1947 - Mitch Mitchell, drummer in The Jimi Hendrix Experience
- 1947 - O. J. Simpson, American football player and actor
- 1950 - Viktor Yanukovych, Prime Minister of Ukraine
- 1952 - John Tesh, American composer
- 1955 - Fred Norris, American radio personality
- 1955 - Jimmy Smits, Puerto Rican actor
- 1955 - Willie Wilson, American baseball player, 1982 AL Batting Champ
- 1956 - Marc Almond, British singer
- 1956 - Tom Hanks, American actor
- 1957 - Kelly McGillis, American actress
- 1959 - Kevin Nash, American wrestler
- 1964 - Courtney Love, American musician
- 1965 - Frank Bello, American musician (Anthrax)
- 1965 - David O'Hara Scottish/Irish actor
- 1965 - Marc Mero, American professional wrestler
- 1968 - Paolo Di Canio, Italian football (soccer) player
- 1971 - Marc Andreessen, American software developer
- 1973 - Kelly Holcomb, American football player
- 1974 - Nikola Sarcevic, Swedish bassist and singer (Millencolin)
- 1975 - Jack White, American musician (The White Stripes)
- 1976 - Shelton Benjamin, American professional wrestler
- 1976 - Fred Savage, American actor
- 1976 - Jochem Uytdehaage, Dutch speed skater
- 1978 - Linda Park, Korean-born actress
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Deaths
- 518 - Anastasius I, Byzantine Emperor
- 1228 - Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury
- 1386 - Duke Leopold III of Austria (killed in battle) (b. 1351)
- 1553 - Maurice, Elector of Saxony (b. 1521)
- 1654 - Ferdinand IV of Germany (b. 1633)
- 1737 - Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1671)
- 1742 - John Oldmixon, English historian (b. 1673)
- 1746 - King Philip V of Spain (b. 1683)
- 1747 - Giovanni Bononcini, Italian composer (b. 1670)
- 1766 - Jonathan Mayhew, American minister and patriot (b. 1720)
- 1795 - Henry Seymour Conway, British general and statesman (b. 1721)
- 1797 - Edmund Burke, British philosopher and statesman (b. 1729)
- 1850 - Báb, Persian founder of the Bábi Faith (b. 1819)
- 1850 - Zachary Taylor, 12th President of the United States (b. 1784)
- 1856 - Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist (b. 1776)
- 1856 - James Strang, Mormon splinter group leader (assassinated) (b. 1813)
- 1880 - Paul Pierre Broca, French physician and anatomist (b. 1824)
- 1903 - Alphonse Francois Renard, Belgian geologist (b. 1842)
- 1932 - King C. Gillette, American inventor (b. 1885)
- 1937 - Oliver Law, first African-American commander of U.S. troops, (killed in battle) (b. 1899)
- 1938 - Benjamin Cardozo, American jurist (b. 1870)
- 1949 - Fritz Bennicke Hart, English-born Australian composer (b. 1874)
- 1951 - Harry Heilmann, baseball player (b. 1894)
- 1974 - Earl Warren, Governor of California and Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (b. 1891)
- 1979 - Cornelia Otis Skinner, American actress and author (b. 1899)
- 1985 - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (b. 1896)
- 1985 - Jimmy Kinnon, Scottish founder of Narcotics Anonymous (b. 1911)
- 1992 - Eric Sevareid, American reporter (b. 1912)
- 1996 - Melvin Belli, American attorney (b. 1907)
- 2002 - Laurence Janifer, American writer (b. 1933)
- 2002 - Rod Steiger, American actor (b. 1925)
- 2003 - Winston Graham, English novelist (b. 1908)
- 2004 - Chuck Cadman, Canadian politician (b. 1948)
- 2004 - Paul Klebnikov, American journalist (b. 1963)
- 2004 - Isabel Sanford, American actress (b. 1917)
- 2005 - Yevgenij Grishin, Russian speed skater (b. 1931)
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Holidays and observances
- Roman festival - Caprotinia, or feasts of Juno Caprotina.
- Argentina - Independence Day
- Palau - Constitution Day
- Bahá'í Faith - Holy Day: Martyrdom of the Báb
- Roman Catholic Church - Feast of Our Lady of Peace
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External links
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