September 11

September 11 is the 254th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (255th in leap years). There are 111 days remaining. The terms "September 11", "11th September", and "9/11" have been widely used in the Western media as a shorthand for the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon in the United States of America.

It is usually the first day of the Coptic calendar and Ethiopian calendar (in the period AD 1900 to AD 2099).

Events

• 1226 - The Catholic practice of perpetual adoration begins.
• 1297 - Battle of Stirling Bridge: Scots led by William Wallace defeat the English.
• 1541 - Santiago, Chile, is destroyed by indigenous warriors.
• 1609 - Henry Hudson lands on Manhattan island.
• 1683 - Battle of Vienna
• 1690 - Expulsion order announced against the Moriscos of Valencia; beginning of the expulsion of all Spain's Moriscos.
• 1649 - Siege of Drogheda ends: Oliver Cromwell's English Parliamentarian troops take the town and massacre its garrison.
• 1709 - Battle of Malplaquet: Great Britain, Netherlands and Austria fight against France.
• 1714 - Barcelona surrenders to Spanish and French Bourbonic armies in the War of the Spanish Succession.
• 1776 - British-American peace conference on Staten Island fails to stop nascent American Revolution.
• 1777 - Battle of Brandywine - Major American Revolutionary war victory for British in Chester County, Pennsylvania.
• 1786 - The Beginning of the Annapolis Convention.
• 1789 - Alexander Hamilton is appointed as first Secretary of the Treasury.
• 1814 - The Battle of Plattsburgh.
• 1847 - Stephen Foster's most memorable song, Oh! Susanna, is first performed at a saloon in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
• 1857 - The Mountain Meadows Massacre: Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah.
• 1869 - Work completed on the Wallace Monument.
• 1888 - Death of the Argentine politician Domingo Sarmiento, after whom the Latin American Teacher's Day was chosen.
• 1893 - First World Parliament of Religions conference held.
• 1897 - After months of pursuit, generals of Menelik II of Ethiopia capture Gaki Sherocho, the last king of Kaffa, bringing an end to that ancient kingdom.
• 1911 - Middle Tennessee State University is founded in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, as Middle Tennessee Normal School.
• 1914 - Australia invades New Britain, defeating a German contingent there.
• 1916 - The Quebec Bridge collapses for a second time, killing 11 men. The bridge initially collapsed on August 29, 1907.
• 1918 - Baseball: The Boston Red Sox won the World Series; they would do so again on October 27, 2004 after 86 years.
• 1919 - US Marines invade Honduras.
• 1921 - Motion picture star Fatty Arbuckle is arrested for rape.
• 1922 - The British Mandate of Palestine begins.
• 1922 - One of the Herald Sun of Melbourne, Australia's predecessor papers The Sun News-Pictorial is founded.
• 1926 - An assassination attempt on Benito Mussolini fails.
• 1931 - Salvatore Maranzano is murdered by Charles Luciano's hitmen.
• 1932 - Franciszek Żwirko and Stanisław Wigura, Polish Challenge 1932 winners, killed in a plane crash as their RWD 6 crashed into the ground during a storm.
• 1940 - George Stibitz pioneers the first remote operation of a computer.
• 1941 - Ground broken for the construction of The Pentagon.
• 1941 - World War II: US Navy ordered to attack German U-boats.
• 1943 - World War II: German troops occupy Corsica and Kosovo-Metohija
• 1943 - World War II: start of the liquidation of the Ghettos in Minsk and Lida by the Nazis
• 1944 - World War II: the first allied troops of the US Army cross the western border of Nazi Germany. The RAF bombing raid on Darmstadt and the following firestorm kill 11.500.
• 1948 - Henri Queuille becomes Prime Minister of France.
• 1955 - Dedication of the first Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Europe, the Bern Switzerland Temple.
• 1960 - Young Americans for Freedom meeting at home of William F. Buckley, Jr. promulgates the Sharon Statement.
• 1961 - Formation of the World Wildlife Fund.
• 1962 - The Beatles record their debut single, Love Me Do.
• 1965 - The 1st Cavalry Division of the United States Army arrives in Vietnam.
• 1970 - The Ford Pinto is introduced.
• 1971 - The Egyptian Constitution becomes official.
• 1972 - Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) in America begins regular service.
• 1973 - A military coup in Chile headed by General Augusto Pinochet topples the democratically elected President Salvador Allende.
• 1981 - The Pee-wee Herman Show airs as a special on HBO.
• 1985 - Baseball: Pete Rose gets his 4,192nd career base hit, breaking Ty Cobb's record which stood for over 60 years.
• 1987 - 9-1-1 Emergency Number Day.
• 1987 - CBS Evening News anchor Dan Rather, angry over being preempted for a tennis match, marches off the set, leaving affiliates with six minutes of an empty news desk.
• 1987 - Reggae musician Peter Tosh is murdered in his own home in Kingston.
• 1989 - The iron curtain opens between the communist Hungary and Austria. From Hungary thousands of East Germans throng to Austria and West Germany.
• 1990 - President George H. W. Bush delivers a nationally televised speech in which he threatens the use of force to remove Iraqi soldiers from Kuwait, which Iraq had recently invaded.
• 1992 - Hurricane Iniki, one of the most damaging hurricane in United States history during its time, devastates the State of Hawai'i, especially the islands of Kaua'i and Oahu.
• 1996 - Union Pacific Railroad purchases Southern Pacific Railroad
• 1997 - Scotland votes to re-establish its own Parliament on the 700th anniversary of the Battle of Stirling Bridge, after 290 years of union with England.
• 1998 - Independent counsel Kenneth Starr sends a report to the U.S. Congress accusing President Bill Clinton of 11 possible impeachable offenses.
• 1999 - Tennis: Serena Williams, 2 weeks short of her 18th birthday, wins her first Grand Slam tournament when she became US Open champion, becoming the first African American woman to win a Grand Slam tournament since Althea Gibson in 1958.
• 2000 - Activists protest against the World Economic Forum meeting in Melbourne, Australia. See S11.
• 2001 - The September 11 attacks destroy the World Trade Center in New York City, part of The Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, and down a passenger airliner in Pennsylvania. In total, almost 3,000 are killed.
• 2003 - Swedish foreign minister Anna Lindh dies after being assaulted and fatally wounded on September 10.
• 2004 - Petros VII, the (Greek Orthodox) Patriarch of Alexandria and his company are killed in an unexplained helicopter crash outside Mount Athos, Greece.
• 2005 - The State of Israel officially declares an end to military rule in the Gaza Strip after 38 years of occupation.

Births

• 1182 - Minamoto no Yoriie, Japanese shogun (d. 1204)
• 1522 - Ulisse Aldrovandi, Italian naturalist (d. 1605)
• 1524 - Pierre de Ronsard, French poet (d. 1585)
• 1611 - Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Marshal of France (d. 1675)
• 1681 - Johann Gottlieb Heineccius, German jurist (d. 1741)
• 1700 - James Thomson, Scottish poet (d. 1748)
• 1711 - William Boyce, English composer (d. 1779)
• 1723 - Johann Bernhard Basedow, German educational reformer (d. 1790)
• 1798 - Franz Ernst Neumann, German mineralogist and physicist (d. 1895)
• 1816 - Carl Zeiss, German lens maker (d. 1888)
• 1825 - Eduard Hanslick, German music critic (d. 1904)
• 1836 - Fitz Hugh Ludlow, American author (d. 1870)
• 1838 - John Ireland, American Catholic archbishop (d. 1918)
• 1847 - Thomas Alva Edison, inventor with over 1,000 patents to his name
• 1862 - O. Henry, American writer (d. 1910)
• 1865 - Rainis, Latvian poet and playwright (d. 1929)
• 1885 - D.H. Lawrence, English novelist (d. 1930)
• 1899 - Jimmie Davis, composer (d. 2000)
• 1903 - Theodor Adorno, German sociologist (d. 1969)
• 1913 - Paul "Bear" Bryant, American football coach (d. 1983)
• 1917 - Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (d. 1989)
• 1917 - Jessica Mitford, British writer (d. 1996)
• 1923 - Dharmsamrat Paramhans Swami Madhavananda, Hindu guru
• 1924 - Tom Landry, American football coach (d. 2000)
• 1927 - G. David Schine, American businessman (d. 1996)
• 1927 - Vernon Corea, Sri Lankan broadcaster (d. 2002)
• 1933 - Dr. William L. Pierce, American author and activist (d. 2002)
• 1935 - Arvo Pärt, Estonian composer
• 1935 - Gherman Titov, second man in space (d. 2000)
• 1937 - Iosif Kobzon, Soviet singer and Russian businessman
• 1939 - Charles Geschke, American inventor and businessman
• 1940 - Brian de Palma, American film director
• 1940 - Theodore Olson, U.S. Solicitor General
• 1942 - Lola Falana, American singer
• 1943 - Mickey Hart, American drummer (Grateful Dead)
• 1943 - Raymond Villeneuve, Canadian terrorist
• 1944 - Everaldo, Brazilian football player
• 1945 - Franz Beckenbauer, German footballer
• 1945 - Felton Perry, American actor
• 1948 - John Martyn, English musician
• 1950 - Barry Sheene, British motorcyclist
• 1957 - Brad Bird, American animator
• 1962 - Elizabeth Daily, American actress
• 1962 - Filip Dewinter Belgian politician
• 1962 - Kristy McNichol, American actress
• 1963 - Virginia Madsen, American actress
• 1964 - Ellis Burks, baseball player
• 1964 - Roxann Dawson, American actress
• 1964 - Victor Wooten, American musician
• 1965 - Bashar al-Assad, The current President of Syria
• 1965 - Paul Heyman, American professional wrestling promoter, manager, and writer
• 1965 - Moby, American musician
• 1965 - David Roe, English snooker player
• 1966 - Kiko, Princess Akishino, Wife of Prince Akishino, Japanese Imperial Family
• 1967 - Maria Bartiromo, Financial Broadcast Journalist
• 1967 - Harry Connick, Jr., American singer
• 1968 - Kay Hanley, American musician
• 1971 - Richard Ashcroft, British singer
• 1976 - Elephant Man, Jamaican musician
• 1977 - Ludacris, American rapper
• 1977 - Matthew Stevens, Welsh snooker player
• 1982 - Shriya Saran, South Indian Actress
• 1978 - Ed Reed, American football player
• 1981 - Dylan Klebold, American mass murderer (d. 1999)

Deaths

• 1161 - Queen Melisende of Jerusalem (b. 1105)
• 1279 - Robert Kilwardby, Archbishop of Canterbury
• 1298 - Philip of Artois, French soldier (b. 1269)
• 1349 - Bonne of Luxembourg, queen of John II of France (b. 1315)
• 1599 - Beatrice Cenci, Italian noblewoman executed for conspiring to kill her father (b. 1577)
• 1677 - James Harrington, English politicial philosopher (b. 1611)
• 1680 - Roger Crab, English Puritan political writer (b. 1621)
• 1680 - Emperor Go-Mizunoo of Japan (b. 1596)
• 1721 - Rudolf Jakob Camerarius, German botanist and physician (b. 1665)
• 1760 - Louis Godin, French astronomer (b. 1704)
• 1823 - David Ricardo, economist
• 1843 - Joseph Nicollet, mathematician and explorer
• 1851 - Sylvester Graham, American nutritionist
• 1888 - Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, President of Argentina
• 1911 - Louis Henri Boussenard, French novelist (b. 1847)
• 1921 - Subramanya Bharathy, Tamil poet (b. 1882)
• 1931 - Salvatore Maranzano, crime boss
• 1932 - Franciszek Żwirko and Stanisław Wigura, Polish pilots (plane crash)
• 1948 - Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan
• 1950 - Jan Smuts, South African soldier and statesman
• 1956 - Billy Bishop, Canadian pilot in World War I
• 1958 - Robert W. Service, Scottish-born Canadian poet
• 1966 - C. E. Woolman, American airline magnate
• 1971 - Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, Soviet politician and leader (b. 1894)
• 1972 - Max Fleischer, American animator (b. 1883)
• 1973 - Salvador Allende, President of Chile (presumed suicide) (b. 1908)
• 1978 - Georgi Markov, Bulgarian dissident (assassinated) (b. 1929)
• 1978 - Janet Parker, medical photographer, the final victim of smallpox
• 1984 - Jerry Voorhis, American politician (b. 1901)
• 1985 - William Alwyn, English composer (b. 1905)
• 1987 - Lorne Greene, Canadian actor (b. 1915)
• 1987 - Peter Tosh, Jamaican musician and singer (b. 1944)
• 1988 - John Sylvester White, American actor (b. 1919)
• 1990 - Myrna Mack, Guatemalan anthropologist (assassinated) (b. 1949)
• 1993 - Erich Leinsdorf, Austrian conductor (b. 1912)
• 1993 - Antoine Izméry Haitian pro-democracy activist (assassinated).
• 1994 - Jessica Tandy, American actress (b. 1909)
• 1994 - William Obanhein, police officer, mentioned in "Alice's Restaurant" (b. 1924)
• 1995 - Anita Harding, neurologist
• 1998 - Dane Clark, American actor (b. 1913)
• 1999 - Gonzalo Rodriguez, Uruguayan auto racing driver (b. 1972)
• 2001 - David Angell, American sitcom creator (9/11 attacks) (b. 1946)
  • Muhammad Atta, Egyptian terrorist (9/11 attacks) (b. 1968)
  • Todd Beamer, passenger on United Airlines Flight 93 (9/11 attacks) (b. 1968)
  • Angel L. Juarbe, Jr., American firefighter, winner of Murder in Small Town X (9/11 attacks) (b. 1966)
  • Barbara Olson, American political commentator (9/11 attacks) (b. 1955)
• 2002 - Kim Hunter, American actress (b. 1922)
• 2002 - Johnny Unitas, American football player (b. 1933)
• 2003 - Anna Lindh, Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs (assassinated) (b. 1957)
• 2003 - John Ritter, American actor (b. 1948)
• 2004 - Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria (helicopter crash) (b. 1949)
• 2004 - Fred Ebb, American lyricist (b. 1933)
• 2004 - David Mann, U.S. artist (emphysema) (b. 1939)
• 2005 - Chris Schenkel, American sportscaster (b. 1923)

Holidays

• RC Saints - Virgin of the Holy cave; Saint Deiniol, Our Lady of Coromoto, Protus & Hyacynthus

Also see September 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

• Coptic Orthodox Church - Feast of Neyrouz, the New Year's Day in the Coptic calendar
• New Year's Day in the Ethiopian calendar (Enkutatash)
• Catalonia (Spain) - National Day
• Patriot Day (USA) - Anniversary of the September 11 attacks
• Latin America Teacher's Day, after the death of Argentine Domingo F. Sarmiento
• Death anniversary of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan

Other observances

• Proclaimed 9-1-1 Emergency Number Day by President Reagan on August 26 in 1987 and celebrated since then by some United States communities, particularly the local emergency services.

• Feast day of Saint Deiniol

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day

September 10 · September 12 · August 11 · October 11 · more historical anniversaries