Hydrochlorate acid
|
General |
|
|---|---|
| Name | Hydrochlorate acid |
| H | |
| colorless gas | |
|
Physical |
|
| Molecular weight | 36,5 |
| 203,15 K (-70 °C) | |
| 326,15 K (53 °C) | |
| Density | 1,2 ×10³ /m³ (liquid) |
| 70 g in 100g of water | |
|
Thermo-chemical |
|
| fH0gas | -92.31 / |
| fH0liquid | ? kJ/mol |
| fH0solid | ? kJ/mol |
| S0gas, 1 bar | 186.9 J·mol-1·K-1 |
| S0liquid, 1 bar | ? J·mol-1·K-1 |
| S0solid | ? J·mol-1·K-1 |
|
Risks | |
| Ingestion | Toxic, can be fatal. |
| Inhalation | The emanations can be fatal. |
| Skin | It can cause severe burns. |
| Eyes | Extremely dangerous. |
| More information | Hazardous Chemical Database (In English) |
Values in and in normal conditions </font> | |
Table of contents |
Synthesis
The hydrochlorate one (HCl) is obtained in by addition of (H2UNDER4) to salt (NaCl):
2 NaCl + H2UNDER4 -> Na2UNDER4 + 2 HCl
In indústria chemical great amounts of hydrochlorate form in the organic reactions of cloración of the organic substances with elementary chlorine:
R-H + CL2 -> R-CL + HCl
Also their synthesis directly from the elements is possible but this process usually is not economically viable.
In water they dissolve up to 38 g/100 mililiter although to low temperature crystals of HCl x H can be formed2Or with a content of 68 % of HCl. The dissolution forms aceotropo with a content of 20.2 % of HCl and a 108.6 boiling point of ºC.
The hydrochlorate acid that is in the market usually has a concentration of 38 % or 25 %.
Fisicoquímicas properties of the hydrochlorate one (gas)
Molecular weight: 36,45 g/mol
Point of fusion: -114 ºC
Boiling point: -85 ºC
Number CAS: 7647-01-0
Applications
The hydrochlorate one is used mainly like and cheap hard volatile acid. The known use more is the one of disincrustant to eliminate remainders of lime. Into this application the calcic carbonate is transformed in calcic chloride more soluble and they are freed (CO2 and water:
CaCO3 + 2 HCl -> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2Or
In organic chemistry the hydrochlorate one in the synthesis takes advantage of sometimes chlorides organic - well by substitution of a group hidróxi of or by addition of the hydrochlorate one to although often these reactions do not pass of a very selctiva way.
In the nourishing industry it is used for example in the production of gelatin dissolving with her the mineral part of .
In metalúrgia sometimes it is used to dissolve the oxide layer that covers a metal.
Also it is a departure product in the synthesis of ferric chloride (FeCl3) or of policloruro of aluminum.
Injurious effects
The hydrogen chloride is irritating and corrosive for any weave with which it has contact. The brief exhibition at low levels produces irritation of the throat. The exhibition at higher levels can produce jadeante breathing, narrowing of the bronchioles, blue coloration of the skin, accumulation of liquid in the lungs and even the death. The exhibition at levels more stops even can produce swelling and espasmos of the throat and asphyxia. Some people can undergo an inflammatory reaction to the hydrogen chloride. This condition is well-known like syndrome of reactive malfuncionamiento of the respiratory routes (RADS, by the abbreviations in English), that is a type of caused by certain irritating or corrosive substances.
Depending on the concentration, the hydrogen chloride can produce from slight irritation to serious burns of the eyes and the skin. The exhibition prolonged at low levels can cause respiratory problems, irritation of the eyes and the skin and decoloration of the teeth.
In spite of these characteristics the gastric juice in human contains hydrochlorate acid approximately 3 %. There aid to coagulate the proteinas and plays an important role like of pepsina in its digestion. Also aid in the hirdólisis of present in the food.
References
- Agency for Toxic Substances and the Registry of Enfermedades (ATSDR).: Toxicológica review (Acid hydrochlorate in English). Atlanta, GA: Human department of Health and Services of the EE.UU., Service of Public Health. (published low ).
