Acetilcolina
acetilcolina he was the first one identified. Widely it is distributed in and in the peripheral nervous system. Its function, like other neurotransmitters, is to mediate the activity of the nervous system.
It is of and hill with chemical formula CH3COOCH2CH2N+(CH3)3
When it is united to the receivers of acetilcolina of muscular fibers, it stimulates them to be contracted. The acetilcolina also has its use in , where it tends to cause to actions excitatorias. The glands that receive impulses of the parasimpática part of is stimulated of the same form. For that reason an increase of acetilcolina causes to a reduction of the frequency cardiac and an increase of the production of .
The acetilcolina is synthesized in certain neurons by means of hill acetiltransferasa from hill and acetil-CoA. The organic mercury compounds have great affinity by sulfídricos groups, reason why hill is attributed to them to the effect of disfunción of the enzyme acetiltransferasa. This inhibition can produce acetilcolina deficiency, contributing to a sintomatología of motor disfunciones.
Normally, the acetilcolina is eliminated quickly once made its function; this makes the enzyme acetil colinesterasa that it transforms the acetilcolina into hill and acetate. The inhibition of this enzyme causes devastating effects in the nervous agents, with the result of a continuous stimulation of muscles, glands and the central nervous system. Certain insecticides must their effectiveness to the inhibition of this enzyme in the insects. On the other hand, since a reduction of acetilcolina was associated with , some drugs are being used that inhibit this enzyme for the treatment of this disease.
botulina it acts avoiding the liberation of acetilcolina. , like muscarina it acts increasing the activity of certain receivers of acetilcolina. On the contrary, atropine and escopolamina they act blocking receiving sayings. The atropine and the escopolamina are anticolinérgicos agents.
Miastenia burdens is a disease autoinmune, characterized by muscular weakness and fatigue. It happens when the body produces of unsuitable form antibodies against the acetilcolina receivers, and this way inhibits the transmissions of signals of the acetilcolina. The drugs that inhibit the acetil colinesterasa (p.e. neostigmina or fisostigmina) is effective for the treatment of this affection.
The acetilcolina was identified for the first time in by , and later confirmed like a neurotransmitter by . By its work they received in Nobel prize in physiology and medicine.
