Esophagus

esophagus it is a part of formed by a muscular tube of about 20 centimeters in the human being, 6º or 7º extends from cervical vertebra to 11º dorsal vertebra, through as they happen from to .

The esophagus runs by neck and by later in , until introducing itself in superior, crossing . In the esofágico route we found improntas different produced by the neighboring structures with which it is in intimate contact as they are:

1. cartilage cricoideo of .
2. The aortic cayado one of the artery aorta.
3. The left auricle of heart.
4. The diafragmático hiatus, that is the orifice of the diaphragm through which it passes the esophagus.

Structure of the esophagus

The esophagus is formed by:

• Mucosa: It is poliestratificado or of several layers of cells nonqueratinizante, that the light of the esophagus in its internal part covers. This epitelio is renovándse continuously by the formation of new cells of its basal layers. In order to facilitate the propulsion of the food towards the stomach epitelio is covered by a fine layer of muco, formed by the cardiales and esofágicas glands.
• Muscular layer: It is formed as well by an internal layer of concentric smooth muscular cells and another external layer of longitudinal muscular cells, that when they are contracted form peristálticas waves that lead the nutritional globe to the stomach.
• Superior esofágico sphincter: (EES), it divides the pharynx of the esophagus. It is formed by cricofaríngeo muscle that it adheres it to the cricoides. This is a fluted muscle, that is to say, voluntary, that it initiates swallowing.
• Inferior esofágico sphincter: (EEI), that separates the esophagus of the stomach. It is not really an anatomical, but physiological sphincter, when not existing any structure of sphincter but having a high pressure when one is moderate in rest. This sphincter, diminishes its high tone normally, in answer to several stimuli like a) the arrival of primary the peristáltica wave, b) the distension of the light of the esophagus when it passes skittle (secondary peristalsis) and c nutritional) the gastric distension. The pressure elevated in rest stays so much by contributions of nerves as of muscles, whereas its relaxation happens in answer to neurogénicos factors.

Vascularización of the esophagus

The esophagus is irrigated by different according to the portion that it crosses:

• In neck it is irrigated by superior esofágicas arteries, branches of the inferior tiroidea artery that comes from subclavia.
• In by the bronchial arteries, average esofágicas arteries and the intercostal ones, that are direct branches of the aorta.
• In by the inferior esofágicas arteries coming from the inferior diafragmáticas of the left gastric artery.

Esofágicos symptoms

• Pirosis.
• Esofágico pain.
• Disfagia.

Esofágicas diseases

• .
• Cáncer de esófago.
• esophagus of Barret.
• Várices esofágicas.
• Disease by gastro-esofágico ebb tide.