Julian

Julian (Flavius Claudius Julianus) (, 331 - , 363). Roman emperor. This nephew of , was one of the few members of its family that escaped to the slaughter that that one ordered in to eliminate rivals its direct descendants. It passed its youth exiliado in Capadocia and later, by order of Constancio II, in Athens, where it received a well-taken care of education in hellenistic culture; it took contact with Greek philosophers of the time and one became to paganism classic, although it had to pretend that it followed Christian religion official in . The emperor Constancio II it named him in and married to him with its Helena sister. Destined to and although it lacked military formation, soon revealed like a great strategist, obtaining a series of consecutive victories, that they gave to a well-known security in many years, not gaining the respect of its troops. It continued fighting to Germanic until the border of Rin and it reinforced the fortifications of . The order issued by Constancio to transfer the troops of auxiliarii finery a caused the rebellion of these, since, according to the tradition, auxiliarii Gauls were not forced to fight beyond the Alps. Thus, the rioters proclaimed emperor to it in Lutetia () in . It marched against Constancio II, but it did not get to fight with him, because the death of the emperor in crossed to him to Julian the entrance in .

Dead Julian accepted Constancio and like emperor, proclaimed its pagan faith openly, reason why it was gotten to know in history like ' Julian , that is to say, a person who resigns to her religion. This denomination took to the writer to comment in his History of the Roman Empire, of caustic way, that of course, nobody flame to previous emperor ' Constantino the Apóstatá because it resigned to paganism in order to become to . Everything depends on whom writes history books.

Julian it did not try to repress the Christianity. However, it proclaimed the religious freedom and the complete tolerance of Jews and pagans, as well as of Christians. In addition, it proclaimed the tolerance of all the diverse heresies within the Christianity and made return to the bishops exiliados by one or another one . To the Christians it was prohibited them to hold positions public and to dedicate themselves to education.

The emperor undertook a tending program of reforms to lighten the bureaucracy and to fight the corruption. Its last action was a victorious campaign against , that took to him until the heart of (). Nevertheless, after the insolvent conquest of the Persian capital, Ctesifonte, and when one retired by lack of food, it was hurt of death in a skirmish. On this fact several versions exist. Some sources narrate that the ardor of the battle took to him to fight without armor, others affirm that the projectile that reached to him came from its own rows. A military man happened to him to the front of the troops (and also of the Empire, as soon as Julian she died) panonio call Joviano, that restored the Christianity officially and took step to strong religious persecutions against the classic pagans.

Bibliography

Own work:

Speeches IV Classic library, nº17. Ed. Gredos.

Speeches VI-XIII Classic library, nº45. Ed. Gredos.

Against the galileos. Letters and fragments. Testimonies. Laws Classic library, nº47. Ed. Gredos.

Historical novel:

Julian the Apostate. Gore Vidal. Ed. Edhasa.

Gods and legions. Michael Curtis Ford. New Editions of Pocket.