Homeric epithet
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Homeric epithet is a complement of the majority of the proper names in epopees Greek antiques - in particular those ofHomère, Iliade and the Odyssey.
Is the simplest epithet and most frequent the adjective???? / dios, "divine", applicable without distinction to all the heroes epic. Indeed, certain epithets can be applied indifferently to several people: Diomède (for example It., VI, 12) like Ménélas (for example Od., XV, 14) are said "to the powerful war cry" (??????? / boên agathos). On the other hand, others are personal: only Zeus (????? is "the carry-aegis"/ aigíokhos) and only Achilles is known as "with the light feet". The epithet can also indicate the ascent of the hero: "wire of Pélée "for Achilles, "wire ofAtrée "for Agamemnon or Ménélas. Certain epithets became commonplaces, such itDawn "with the fingers of pink".
The purpose of the Homeric epithet is not only to characterize the hero, it also provides pieces of worms all prepared toaède, who progressively composes the epopee with his song. Thus, "divine Ulysses enduring it" (????????? ????????) constitute one hémistiche loan with being combined with an invented hémistiche or even another hémistiche ready with employment - thus, hexameter "?? ????, ??????? ?? / ???????? ???? ???????? "("with these words, was filled of joy/ divine Ulysses, enduring ", Od., XIII, 250). Milman Parry, in its thesis onTraditional epithet in Homère. Test on a Homeric problem of style (1928), was the first to show the role of the Homeric epithet in the mechanics of the "style form".
Bibliography
- (in) Adam Parry, The Collected Papers of Milman Parry, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1987 (ISBN 0-19-520560-X).
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