Al-Andalus
Al-Andalûs country, thus very early them indicated the part of Iberian peninsula subjected to the Moslem domination. It is generally estimated that this name is in connection with , last of in with VE century, even if if certain linguists prefer speech of obscure. The conquest of the country by the Arabs was as fast as unforeseen.
Synopsis |
The conquest of Spain
North Africa hardly conquered, the Mûsâ governor had the idea to divert towards outside the warriors in which it did not have a great confidence. In it sends, under the command of Târiq, 7000 Berber to cross it - which draws its name from Târiq itself - and to conquer Spain, then in prey with divisions. The unforeseen crushing of the king Rodrigue with battle of Guadalete (July) brings Mûsâ, in spite of the reserves of , to pass itself to Spain. It makes the junction with Tarîq and enters with him to Tolède.
The wisigothic weakness of the party carried out by the Akhila applicant, who had called Mûsâ with the assistance against Rodrigue besides, gives the idea to the Arabs of a durable occupation, facilitated by agreements with the local chiefs. In , Mûsâ already exceeded Saragossa. But in Târiq and is destined him for for investigation. It is the new emir Al-Hurr who continues the conquest, destroying and occupying (-). Its successors will go even beyond , towards wisigothic, from where they will launch forwardings towards North.
The stop of the Arab conquest in Occident is certainly explained by the counter-attack of , but especially by the Berber insurrection with , supported on (). The Berber ones of Spain are also raised them, forming several columns which threaten Cordoue and Tolède. Vis-a-vis with this danger, the Arabs, very few, were not even plain: a traditional opposition existed between Kaisites (wandering Bedouins of Arabia of north and the center) and Kalbites (sedentary farmers originating in ). The Berber revolt in spite of was very subdued by the kaisite Baldj, with a few thousands of which had been evacuated of besieged, and which remained finally in Spain.
The period which follows is rather confused, but the successive famines alleviate the conflicts. The governors, although not very powerful and often replaced, are increasingly independent of . Inversion of Omeyyades by Abbasids as a consequence the emancipation of Spain has: Abd Al-Rahmân, grandson of the last caliph omeyyade, takes refuge in , among the Berber tribes from which his/her mother comes. Its freed Badr having obtained to him the rallying from the Syrians and a part of Kalbites of Spain, it passes in this country and seizes Cordoue in , where it is satisfied to proclaim emir.
The emirate must fight as well against the Berber ones against various Arab chiefs. Two among them, the governors of Barcelona (Sulayman Ben Yaqzan ibn Al-Arabi) and of Saragossa, cause even the intervention of (). However, after the death of Abd Al-Rahmân (), its descendants succeed in consolidating its dynasty in the Cordovan emirate. Right before its death, Abd Al-Rahmân had concluded the construction of (.
Conquest itself: (711-732)
The first Al-Andalus times
Cordoue, and all the grounds of the Iberian peninsula conquered by the Moorish, is an emirate omeyyade placed under the obedience of of Damas.
- Dating: -
Caliphate of Cordoue
He makes continuation one period of serious disorders to the paces of civil war, and prolonged duration.
Taifas
They are small kinglets having essaimé on each urban core accessible to the exit from the implosion from the caliphate omeyyade. They reign on these small parcelled out kingdoms and competitors the ones of the others, and are at the thank you of inversions of alliances. The time is turbid and aventuresque, this time they are the Christian kings enhardis who obtain that unquestionable Taïfas deliver one to them tribute after having known the defeat.
Almohades
- Dynasties :
- Almoravides, intervene initially, then conquer (1086-1147);
- Almohades, the precedents supplant.
Emerged of the deserts of the Maghreb, Almohades carry out a sudden and general conquest on Al-Andalus.
The kingdom of Grenade
Al-Andalus contributions
This country, quickly forgotten aftercrucial year by the winners with the dogma suffering from no complex, brought a technological and economic development significant to the area, transmitted then to its conquerors, frightened of such a level of culture after .
Al-Andalus, during nearly eight centuries, was percue like hegemonic power onChristian occident then in full failure (dies of and is afraid ofyear millet); it is itgolden age without precedent of Islam on all the civilisationnels plans.
So much so that the future Pope Sylvestre II comes to study the science of wise Arabic examined in Barcelona!
See too
internal bonds
- ;
- Omeyyades ;
- of Castilians, followed conquest of Majorque by crown catalano-Aragonese, continuing its expansion on Mediterranean basin.
external bonds
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