Hygiene

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hygiene is a whole of measures intended to prevent them infections and appearance of . It is based primarily on three actions:

One also speaks about "hygiene of life" and "mental hygiene" for actions and activities allowing to prevent the appearance of disorders, like the practice of one , to abstain from to smoke or of moderately...

Synopsis

History

The word hygiene derives from the name from goddess Greek , which was the goddess of , of cleanliness and of hygiene. Girl of, the god of medicine, Hygie symbolizes the prevention whereas its s?ur is the goddess healer connected to the medical treatment and the drugs. InGreek antiquity and Roman, hygiene is symbol of health and is concretized for example by the frequentation of public baths. The medicinal gymnastics was invented by a doctor, Hérodicus de Lentini which had noted the beneficial effects of the physical exercise on health. It was also recommended by Hippocrates.

With , the public baths become gradually badly attended places. But it is from Rebirth that one flees water, marked to transmit diseases by opening the pores of the skin and thus the organization, with the harmful action of all the diseases. By softening the skin, one believes to make our protection weaker against all the infections. camouflages the bad ones odors and are useful of disinfecting.

With XIXE century, them thermal springs are famous for health. develops a theory of the germs according to which certain diseases are caused by micro-organisms. scientists and makes recommendations like the washing of hands and the daily toilet with water and with . The end of the century marks the beginning of the bathrooms and the toilets in the residences.

Cleaning and detersion

The goal of cleaning is to remove the undesirable matters, of which in particular the organic matter (of which them greases), which can they-even contain micro-organisms; cleaning also makes it possible to remove certain micro-organisms. Detersion is the action of cleaning which consists in removing the stains which adhere to the object or fabrics living.

Cleaning in general utilizes a mechanical action (pressure of water, to rub...) and chemical (dissolution of certain matters of which greases).

The method and the product to be used depend on nature of the stain and brittleness on the subject on cleaning; for the personal hygiene, one employs in general tepid without pressure and of , but for instrument, one can use more aggressive methods.

Cleaning and detersion have only one temporary action.

Disinfection and sterilization

The antiseptie consists to kill, eliminate or inactiver the micro-organisms (parasites, bacteria) or them undesirable present on fabrics living, according to a given objective (for example to decrease the quantity of such or such organization below a fixed threshold).

Disinfection is the same action, but taken on a living tissue. When the object is material of care, one speaks about decontamination.

The antiseptie and disinfection have an action limited in time.

Sterilization consists in eliminating from the material the totality of the micro-organisms, and conditioning this material to maintain this state of sterility (see also the article ).

Methods used

, , and (, autoclave), radiations

Conservation

Physical barrier (bagging, experiment of Pasteur), vacuum packaging, cold

See too

External bonds

 

  > French to English > fr.wikipedia.org (Machine translated into English)