Pharmacy

Synopsis 1 General 2 History of pharmacy 3 Future of pharmacy 3.1 At the hospital 4 The teaching of pharmacy 4.1 In Belgium 4.2 In France 5 Exercise of the profession 5.1 In Canada 5.2 In France 6 See too 6.1 Internal bonds 6.2 External bonds

General

pharmacy is being interested in the design, preparation and dispensation of . It also holds account of medicamentous interactions possible between chemical or even, interactions with edible products. For example, juice of has many interactions with drugs. Not to deteriorate the correct use of the drug, the pharmacist must occupy himself of advising his customer with regard to his health in general, but more particularly for his drugs. For the study of modes of action and effects, to see rather .
The term "pharmacy" also indicates a dispensary, that is to say a place intended forstorage and with distribution of . This place is under the responsibility for one pharmacist who can manufacture there masterly preparations ordinates by one for a given patient and to supervise the work of the pharmacists.

It should be noted that in France, one distinguishes: masterly preparation (realized for a given patient) and hospital preparation (realized for a series of patient). It acts of a mass production, intended to compensate for the abscence of existing proprietary medical products. For example, there is not diphemanil methysulfate marketed in France by the pharmaceutical laboratories. This product is however essential in the prevention of the sudden death of the nourisson. The pharmacy of the hospitals of Paris (AGEPS) compensates for this deficiency and manufactures a hospital preparation of diphemanil methylsulfate in tablet.

History of pharmacy

The history of pharmacy begins a little later than that from whereas the doctors of the time used not very common methods nowadays "to restore moods" present in the body. One started to give remedies based on spices to look after the patients. These people, called apothecaries (of the Greek??????? ' magazin') and is the predecessors of the pharmacists of today. The development of pharmacy was carried out especially after the Middle Ages, hollow period in what milked with the scientific development. At the beginning of XX^E century, there was only one dozen chemical with a hundred natural products whereas at the beginning of XXI^E century, we have several hundreds of chemical molecules and that very few current remedies of natural source.

Future of pharmacy

With regard to the future, pharmacy is filled of possibilities. Indeed, the pharmacists are professionals of health among most general-purpose. Their formation leads them to touch with all the fields of health, therefore have to support the doctors, inhalothérapeutes, nurses, dietetists, dentists, etc.

At the hospital

Recognition of specialities of pharmacy, as well as the doctors specialists in oncology, cardiology, urology, etc. in a nearest future the best will allow dealt with therapeutic and a reduction of the expenditure. Indeed the pharmacist clinician present in each service assists the doctor in his regulation, advises and informs the patients on their medicamentous treatment.

The teaching of pharmacy

In Belgium

The studies of pharmacy last five years.

After these five years, the pharmacists have the possibility of following a specialization. These specializations concern:

• medical analyses (to become pharmacist-biologist) (five years).
• specialization like pharmacist of industry (two years)
• specialization like pharmacist of hospital (one year, but it could be that the duration is lengthened Dutch prochainement)(en, this teaching is organized in the form of studies inter-academics between the three Flemish universities quoted below).

There is only one faculty of pharmacy in Belgium, that ofUniversity of Ghent. Elsewhere, teaching is exempted in one Institute of pharmacy belonging to the pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine.

It acts:

• in French:
  • Catholic university of Leuwen
• in :
  • Universiteit Race
  • Katholieke universiteit Leuven
  • Vrije universiteit Brussel

In France

The first cycle of the pharmaceutical studies, one two years duration, is primarily centered on the teaching of the fundamental matters. The student in pharmacy is mainly trained with chemistry with courses of , , , nuclear engineering. It is also formed in biology (, , animal biology, vegetable biology...) like in , , , . The passage in second year of the first pharmaceutical cycle of the studies or PCEP2 is sanctioned by a séléctif contest prepared during the first year of study. The second year sees the appearance of practical work.

The lesson of the second cycle, distributed over two years, is applied, with inter alia the pharmaceutical matters (galenic, , clinical pharmacy, Pharmacognosie, toxicology...) and biomaterials or chemical (bacteriology, virology, parasitology, hematology, inter alia). Often these matters are joined together within a coordinated teaching having a more total topic like or them infectious pathologies. Work practise also have a great importance during this cycle.

The third cycle is short, with the dies of pharmacy of dispensary or ofpharmaceutical industry, for a 6 years total studies or length with the die ofBoarding school in Pharmacy, for a 9 years total of studies. This third cycle is very provided in training courses of application to the hospital or company.

Exercise of the profession

In Canada

To practise like pharmacist with , it is necessary to have at least a baccalaureat in pharmacy. However, with, the baccalaureat will be abolished soon to make place with the doctorate of first cycle in pharmacy (called Pharm.D.) in the same manner that the doctors must go to seek a doctorate of first cycle. The abolition of the vat in pharmacy will also make place with the baccalaureat in pharmaceutical sciences, for people eager to continue in research. These graduates will not have the right to practise; only Pharm.D. y will have right. In Canada, there are 9 faculties of pharmacy, including 2 in Quebec. They are, of west in east:

1. University of British Columbia
2. University of Alberta
3. University of Saskatchewan
4. University of Manitoba
5. University of Toronto
7. Laval university
8. Dalhousie University
9. Memorial University of Newfoundland

In France

To obtain the diploma of doctor in pharmacy in , it is necessary to make a success of the contest sanctioning the first year of studies in Faculty of Pharmacy, then to follow a 5 years formation additional sanctioned by a thesis of exercise. During this formation, the student will be able to choose among several facets of the profession of pharmacist : dispensary, itpharmaceutical industry or to try itBoarding school in pharmacy, which is another contest in particular making it possible to work in hospital medium or in the analysis laboratories of medical biology. It there A 24 faculties of pharmacy in France:

1. Amiens
2. Angers
3. Besancon
4. Bordeaux
5. Caen
6. Clermont-Ferrand
7. Dijon
8. Grenoble
9. Lille
10. Limoges
11. Lyon
12. Marseilles AE2P FAC
13. Montpellier
14. Nancy
15. Nantes
16. Paris V
17. Paris XI
18. Poitiers
19. Rheims
20. Rennes
21. Rouen
22. Strasbourg
23. Toulouse
24. Turns

See too

Internal bonds

• List famous pharmacists

External bonds

• (Fr) pharmacy category directory dmoz.
• (Fr) the national Association of the students in pharmacy of France (ANEPF).