Biology

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biology, of the Greek bios (????) and logos (?????), is science life. This general information etymological cover several realities:

• By definition, biology is the study of the alive beings, such as one knows them on planet Ground. But the distinction enters organizations alive and nonalive is sometimes difficult (see virus, viroïde and prions.), and the determination of the specific object of biology does not have anything obvious.
• Catch in a broader direction, biology or life sciences is also the whole of the disciplines, traditional and modern, which studies the structures, the functions and the levels of organization (molecules, cells, organizations and their medium of life) of the alive beings, these alive beings being scientifically only complex assemblies of molecules interacting between them according to laws' of and of applying to all matter.
• Biology also studies itevolution alive beings (theory of the evolution).
• It studies their relations the ones compared to the others and compared to their medium (Ecology, Ethology).
• Biology relates to also certain characteristics of living useful for the man (applications agricultural, agro-alimentary, , pharmaceutical, ...)

The term biology was defined in the end of XVIII^E century by the French naturalist Jean-Baptist Pierre Antoine de Monet, knight of Lamarck :

"All that is generally common to plants and with as all faculties which are clean with each one of these beings without exception, must constitute the single one and vast object of a particular science which is not founded yet, which does not even have a name, and to which I will give the name of biology."

Principal disciplines

Because of the extremely vast character of the subject, the study of biology requires a parcelling out. An approach, a little "reducing" but having the advantage of clarifying the topics, consists in defining levels of organization. In a concern of arriving to a more total comprehension of biology, bridges were naturally created between the various disciplines.

Other disciplines are associated biology, such as genetics or science of heredity.
One of the concepts key of biology is the principle of the evolution. recalls the evolution of the organizations thus and paleontology study the fossil organizations and seeks to recall their evolution. These disciplines rest on taxonomy (or systematic), which has the aim of classifying the alive beings in order to gather them in sets (kind, family, species, races, etc.) sufficiently homogeneous to be compared between them in time and space.

Fulgurating progress of biology causes sometimes interrogations , even a strong opposition of certain associations or nongovernmental organizations (ONG). Let us quote in particular: termination of pregnancy (IVG), it cloning, them (GMO), the sequencing and problems of property who result from this.

Topics related to biology

Anatomy -- Anthropology -- Astrobiology -- Biochemistry -- Biogeography -- Bio-data processing -- Cellular biology -- Molecular biology -- -- Structural biology -- Bioinformatique -- -- Biotechnology -- Botany -- -- Cytology -- Ecology -- Embryology -- Endocrinology -- -- Ethology -- Genetics -- Histology -- Immunology -- -- Microbiology -- Mycology -- Natural environments -- Neurosciences -- Paleontology -- Pharmacy -- -- -- Physiology -- Systematic -- Taxonomy -- Theory of the evolution --Toxicology-- Xenobiology-- Zoology -- Biological Types

See too

• List articles of biology
• List great numbers
• Recent modifications in biology
• Current events Biology
• AcneXpert
• History of biology

Gate Biology - Reach the articles of Wikipédia concerning biology.

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