Medicine

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Medicine
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Pédiatre examinant un bébé
Pediatrist examining a baby

medicine is one science, one art, and one technique whose object is at the same time the study of human body and of its operation, as well as the conservation and the re-establishment of health. Applied to the animals, medicine is known as veterinary medicine.

Synopsis

Bases of medicine

Terminology common to all medicine

  • etiology is the study of the causes of the disease.
  • pathogenesis in is the study of the causal mechanism.
  • physiopathology is the study of the modifications of the great functions during diseases.
  • semiology in east is the comprehensive study of the apparent signs. It is related so that one names private clinic, opposed to para-private clinic who are the results of complementary examinations. Vis-a-vis with the increasing complexity of the techniques of imagery etc., it developed a semiology of the complementary examinations.
  • diagnosis is the identification of the disease.
  • differential diagnosis is the description of the diseases comprising of the close signs and which can be confused.
  • therapeutic is the treatment of this disease.
  • forecast is the evolution of this one.

Branches of medicine

Fundamental sciences

Medical specialities and competences


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Are gathered in this chapter the medical specialities which require obtaining D.E.S. (Diploma of studies spécialisées)ou of a Doctorate of state, and which are recognized byOrder of the Doctors,ou byOrder of the Dental surgeons or which is purely hospital (infectiology for example). In France, in 2004, the general medicine becomes a speciality.


By practice

See also article Doctor.

By type of patient

  • andrology : medicine of the man, dealt with of the specific diseases of the male sex.
  • gynaecology : medicine of the woman, dealt with of the specific diseases of the female sex.
  • obstetrics : medicine of the pregnant woman. To note the medical practice with whole share of midwives, which is devoted to the monitoring of the normal pregnancy
  • medicine f?tale : medicine of the f?tus thanks to the appearance of methods of explorations of the intra-uterine life (echography, Doppler, amniocentèse).
  • pediatry : medicine of the children, field very broad and generally including clinical genetics.
  • geriatrics : medicine of the old people.
  • medicine of the sailors : medicine of the sailors and workers of the sea.

By bodies

By affections

Other medical professions and ancillary medical professions

Problems related to the care

The medical care is acts on the human person. If one seeks effects positive, these acts can also have negative consequences. Some are adverse effects related to the treatment, the "side effects". Others result from awkwardness, medical error, defects of organization.

It is estimated that in France, 4 % of the hospitalizations are consecutive with care, and that 40 % of these cases would be avoidable [ 1 ]. These problems include/understand them diseases nosocomiales.

Parallel medicines

See the detailed article Parallel medicine.

Summary bibliography

  • Kahn (Axel) & Lecourt (Domenica), 2004: Bioethics and freedom, Paris, PUF/Quadrige.
  • Lecourt (Domenica) (dir.), 1999: Dictionary of history and philosophy of sciences, Paris, 4th réed. "Quadrige"/PUF, 2006.
  • Domenica Lecourt (dir.), 2004: Dictionary of the medical thought, Paris, réed. PUF/Quadrige, 2004.

See too

Internal bonds

External bonds


Gate Medicine - Reach the articles of Wikipédia concerning medicine.

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  > French to English > fr.wikipedia.org (Machine translated into English)