Standard

This indexes the various subjects and articles sharing the same name.

Synopsis

1 Telephony
2 Analytical chemistry
3 Football
4 Data processing

Telephony

One telephone switchboard is an old form of : connections between users were carried out by a person, the operator, by means of cards of the type banana plug. One speaks about PABX for the switches telephone of company or building.

Standard mean " "in . English being the language in whom are published the majority of the scientific articles, the word is frequently used in ().

Football

is one of the 3 clubs of the most important football of on the level of the palmares and the financial statement. It hopes many to support in all the areas and communities of Belgium even if its HQ is based in Wallonia.

Data processing

Standard mean " "in . It is frequently used in this direction () in .

For Rodnay Zaks, director of the company Sybex, « a standard is something which one could improve and which one does not improve; it is because it is not improved that it is a standard ». In a less pessimistic way, a standard constitutes a series of rules to which one yields of good or evil liking to ensure an acceptance of his products by the market. Thus 220 V 50 Hz constitutes a standard.

Principles of a standard

According to Gordon Bell () and Rob Gingell (), a standard:

Clarify points of homogeneity, authorizing any variety and any innovation on the not specified points.
is based by principle on one specification, not one implementation.
Be essential more than for what it brings to its user that by his specific qualities.
Concern and is supposed to affect only the community which adheres to it.
Is worth only by the effectiveness of the organization which confers certifications on this standard.
Does not have, to be adopted, "of come to make close-cropped table"
Must leave an adequate place with the future innovations
Disappears when it becomes an obstacle with the innovation instead of in being a platform.

(source Article of Gordon Bell to the ACM] (English)

Open specification

A "open specification" must be free, available in line and sufficient to develop a complete implementation.

Free specification

A "free specification" must be opened and does not have to include/understand restrictions legal (except for "open licences source") which complicates the diffusion and the use.