Theology
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theology (of Greek ???????? [gia], literally "speech on the divinity or it???? [Theos]") is the study of all realities relative to the divine one; consequently, especially in , it is regarded as the science of Revelation, founded on the study of the religious texts, their interpretation, with an aim of establishing and of clearing up it believing or it faithful on the way of acting or of believing according to its .
In the orthodoxe Church, theology is not regarded a speculative and deductive discipline but as the experimental knowledge of God who appears with his creation. The title of "theologist" is allotted besides only to three saints only: saint Jean the evangelist, saint Gregoire de Nazianze and saint Syméon the New Theologist.
Jorge Shine Borges consider that there are only two exact sciences: theology who builds himself on the study of the consequences of writings founders considered as origin - or at least of inspiration - divine, and them mathematics who proceed to a similar exercise, but this time fromaxioms arbitrary.
"theology it is simple like God and gods make three.» Jacques Prévert
"Those which amuse me more, known as God, they are the theologists" (Péguy)
Synopsis |
Christian designs of theology
It includes/understands many branches, until Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher, it comprises 4 disciplines:
- ,
- history of the Church,
- dogmatic,
- practical theology.
« The religion, to enter in quite clean possession of sound, gives up any claim on all that belongs to metaphysics and to , and restores all that one incorporated to him of force. It does not seek to determine and to explain the universe according to its nature with him like makes metaphysics ; it does not seek to improve it and complete it by the development of freedom and the divine one free will of the man like makes morals. In its gasoline, it neither is thought nor action, but intuitive contemplation and feeling. It wants to contemplate the Universe intuitively; it piously wants the épier in his demonstrations and the acts which are clean for him; it wants to be left, in a passivity of child, to seize and invade by its direct influences » (Speech, 150).
After Schleiermacher, the disciplines are directed in the following way:
- philosophical theology,
- apologetic (Gasoline of , which turns into to Christianity a mode to believe specific, the form which takes the Christian community)
- polemic (examination of internal pathologies)
« There is not true knowledge of Christianity if one is satisfied simply with a design empirical, instead of seizing its gasoline as well in what opposes to the other modes to believe and the other Churches, that gasoline of piety and the religious communities in their relationship with the other activities of the human spirit. The fact that the gasoline of Christianity is attached to a history makes only specify the mode of comprehension, but any damage for the task itself does not present. »
- historical theology, i.e.:
- interpretation ,
- , which is not an autonomous discipline but a historical discipline,
- analysis of contemporary Christianity,
Ancient theologies
Philosophers materialists of Antiquity
to follow
Idealistic philosophers of Antiquity
, Plotin
to follow
Theologists of late Antiquity
Fathers of the Church Christian woman and various quarrels of doctrines, them Manicheans, Judaism ofOld Will.
to follow ds
Medieval theologies
The East
One could evoke here the first Moslem theologists vis-a-vis with the Byzantine theologists.
to follow
The European Middle Ages
to follow one can speak about the enquiry
Theology in Islam
to follow
Asian theologies
in China
in Japan
in India
to follow
Theology and metaphysics
Traditional philosophy, from the présocratiques ones to the disciples of Leibniz, was often defined as the science of God, or the science of the absolute, therefore like theology. It was called also metaphysical, or philosophy first. It was named thus because it was regarded as the root, the source or the base of all sciences.
Is God recognizable?
To the XXIE century, it is difficult to include/understand this preeminence of metaphysics to the eyes of many large traditional philosophers, Plato, Aristote, the stoical ones, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Berkeley, Hegel. A great number among us react in the following way. How could one believe that one can make to science a being which does not exist? One knows well what one sees, one does not know God simply because it is not seen. This principle, which comes us from Thomas Saint, was not considered to be convincing by the defenders of metaphysics. Their point of view was even exactly opposite. The phenomena, the matter moving, all that one sees, were regarded as not very recognizable objects by nature, quite simply because they very were known little about, or in any case not as well as today. On the other hand, God, the Ideas, the principles, were regarded as privileged objects of science (to be an object of science and to be an object, that does not have the same direction), as if they were precisely the objects which our reason intends to us to know. As metaphysics was regarded as a science much more some, much less prone to the doubt, as the observational sciences.
The continuation of this article cannot present the whole of traditional metaphysics such as it developed during two millenia. It only endeavours to give a short lighting on the direction of this science. We do not understand it any more because we do not know more the smell that the truths metaphysics had for those which defended them.
God and Universe
God and science
God and the human one
To deepen
- Friedrich Schleiermacher, Kurze Darstellung of the theologischen Studiums, zum Behuf einleitender Vorlesungen (), translates recently under the title The statute of theology. Short talk (1994).
- Rosino Gibellini, Panorama of the theology of XXE century, Paris, editions of the Stag, 1994, §88p. (bibliography p. 603-666) relates to only Christian theologies and includes/understands theology dialectical, existential, , théol. culture, théol. secularization, théol. history, théol. hope, théol. policy, théol. release, théol. black, théol. feminist, théol. the Third World, théol. ?cumenic.
- Quotations saints, theologists, poets and philosophers.
to also see: Famous theologists
