Special effects
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special effects they are with of techniques and technologies used in , in and in in order to simulate of the events otherwise impossible to represent in traditional way, how much expensive, dangerous, or too much simply contrary to the laws of the nature.
Thanks to the special effects, sayings more simply "make up" (and indicate to you often with acronym "SFX"), spectator it has the optical illusion (and/or acoustics) that a determined event is happening, or is happened, really.
History
The special effects are one of the peculiar characteristics of since the times of the experiments completed from the director , inventor of the first rudimentali visual effects, often obtained with simple techniques of . It succeeded, as an example, to simulate the disappearance of one person giuntando two inquadrature of one same atmosphere: before it showed the person, while second only the empty atmosphere. Others its experiments regarded the two superimposition more or , in order to simulate the sdoppiamento of one as an example person. These rudimentali effects were one of the attractions of the first cinematografi (like as an example i nickelodeon Americans), often locate to you near i Luna Park, and they were therefore determining for the spread of the cinema in the first decades of the nine hundred.
The effects have gone gradually refining itself of equal step with the technical new introduction of resumption, like as an example "stop motion"(or" step one"), that it gave life to of and to the famous guerrieri skeletons of Ray Harryhausen. Other techniques saw the use of "miniature", that is reproductions in reduced scale of an atmosphere or an object of great dimensions. Leggendarie is as an example dettagliatissime the miniature used in in .
In , it was begun to use the so-called "animatronic": complex mechanical and electronic systems command to you and in a position to completing of the simple movements at a distance. They were you cover yourself of several materials (stoffa, latex, glass-reinforced plastic, etc.) and therefore it makes up from masters which to you, as an example, the Italian Carl Rambaldi and the American Rick Baker. They were uses you for the special effects of King Kong (), Alien () , E.T. (), and divennero more and more sophisticated, integrating the techniques of , until to being it uses you in film like Robocop and Terminator.
To the end of , the advent of graphical computer rivoluzionò the world of the special effects: in , with the film of , of it astonished the world, showing of the realistic ones dinosauri to taken with the actors in meat and boneses. Already a year before the public had been able to assist to the wonders of the digital animation them in the film Terminator 2, where a said procedure "morphing" concurred to an animated object "to melt itself" and to assume the sembianze of an other object. Thanks to and to other advanced techniques, like blue screen, the costs are halved of , freeing consequently the fantasy of scripteriters and directors. Enormous virtual scenografie can in fact be realized, epiche battles with migliaia of appearances animated from I affixed to you (in order to animate the formations of the Getlteman of Rings how much effective every artificial intelligence to single agent has been developed a program called "massive" in a position to supplying one rudimentale), crobatic monster of all the more and more realistic dimensions, duels more and more spectacular us (like in the film , that it introduced the so-called "bullet Time"). I kolossal with migliaia of appearances they do not have more sense than to exist, even if must admit that many of the effects, still today, depend on the estro of coreografi, controfigure, truccatori, designers, etc. It is not a case if to the realization of the trilogy de The getlteman of rings they have worked approximately thousand persons.
Classification
The special effects are divided in "visual" and "sonorous" (the categories come rewarded separately to ), and they can be generates to you is during the resumptions, is in phase of post-production.
An ulterior classification divides the effects in two categories:
- Physical effects (or "mechanics"): used like only resource until the end of , in which the subject or the event physically is constructed or prepares you for the resumption (latex monster, miniature in reduced scale, outbreaks, shootings, fires, etc.); many of the typical effects of i re-enter in this category also film horror.
- Digital effects them: effects generate to you from one that it elaborates images adding, removing or modifying the present in the inquadratura, from the background to personages, using often technical elements of computer animation.
Correlated voices
- , ancient teatrale instrument for sonorous effects
- Rumorista
