Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau (Geneva, - Ermenonville, Department of the Oise, 2 July ) philosopher friend of Diderot, than it it commissioned some articles of music forEncyclopédie. In 1754 it composed Speech on the origins of the inequality between the men. With the political treaty The social contract (1762) defense the popular will against the divine right of the king and contributed to prepare the land ideological on which it was developed procurandosi with its works controversies and nonconformist, the hostility of the powerful ones of France and Switzerland.

In the two Speeches of 1750 and the 1754 Rousseau it carries out one critical moral of the contemporary society, judged false and corrupt, eager, ambitious, stiff to the sopraffazione. Rousseau supports that such evils are not connaturati to the man, but connected to the economic inequality. To the society coeva it opposed one be of nature in which the men they lived "free, heals, happy bonds and". , Rousseau in such a way contrappose to the others , in as far as the scientific and philosophical optimism of these founded moral vision replaced one on the values of the interiorità and the consideration of the present state like condition of forfeiture and corruption regarding one be original.

With The social contract, Rousseau delineated a model of political cohabitation in which the individual, also obeying to the law, it did not stop but of free being, since the law, rather than to be expression of the will of an absolute monarch, expresses the general will, therefore, obeying to it, the individual obeys to if same, since I of everyone it is identified with I of all.

Rousseau teorizzò an educational program based on the concept of "negative education", that is of an education that "not inculca some virtue, but prevents the defect; not standard the truth, but preservant from the error concurring the free development of the personality. Rousseau also sharing the spirit of the illuminismo, for its defended fan of the reason and the rights of the individuals, anticipated some aspects of , defending the feeling and the subjective experience, current that one of i preromantici revalued from the literary critic.

Rousseau had a burbero character and hermit that carried it to exclude itself from the French elite that wrote (work to which it contributed, however, with the writing of a sure number of voices, between which celebre "the political Economy") and to move of state in state. Its isolation was then the fruit of the Confessions, been born like written on purpose of the life and the thoughts of a man (Rousseau exactly) divenne then rising of defense from the attacks that the contemporary philosophers launch on he.

The education and the State

The work "Emilio and the education", in particular the critic to the used violent methods in the schools, of it makes the father of pedagogia modern and the point of separation between pedagogia pre and post-rosseauiana. Curious, like other large ones pedagoghi, it was not for null affectionate father of its sons, but great educator to outside of the family.

Its ideal of State it is that there are just laws coinciding with the will of the citizens to the unisono, that is that not servant the force of the law but pack-saddles the will of the citizens to make to respect them; to the limit to exceed the law with of aware the citizens very arranged but also of that that is rispettoso and lawful, acting consequently. The high task to form aware citizens is entrusted to the education.

It is declared against the private property, and thinks that the law is an agreement created from the rich ones in order to maintain their power and the magistrates are those that make it to respect, in how much the poor ones have need of the rich ones but also the rich ones have need of the poor ones.

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