German language
| German (Deutsch) | |
|---|---|
| Spoken in: | , Germany, and others 38 countries. |
| Persons: | 140 million |
| : | 9 |
| : | |
| Official states | |
| Countries: | European union, , Germany, , and . Local or regional official language in , Denmark, and Polonia |
| Regulated they give: | - |
| Classification | |
| ISO 639-1 | de |
| ISO 639-2 | ger |
| SIL | GER |
| Extracted in language | |
| Universal declaration of the Rights of the Man - Art.1 To the Menschen sind frei und gleich an Würde und Rechten geboren. Sie sind mit Vernunft und Gewissen begabt und sollen einander im Geiste der Brüderlichkeit begegnen. | |
| It visits !
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| Language - - | |
German it is one language pertaining to the group nederlandese-German of the western branch of Germanic languages of the family of .
It is the language with the greater number of speaking been born you aboutEuropean union, official language in Germany, , great part of , (alemanno), (); running spoken in , in the cantoni it orients them of and in parts of , of Polonia, ofAlsace and of Lorena ().
Index |
History
For the historical development of the German language to see following articles:
- High ancient German (750-1050)
- High medium German (1050-1350)
- High new German (1350-1750)
The dialetti
(the main article is looked at Dialetti of the German language)
The dialetti it speaks in Germany are divided to you in two macrogroups:
- high-German, (Hochdeutsch): the speeches derived from the ancient high-German, that they have endured the second one consonantica spin at the beginning of , comprising the ancient high-German, the language speech until approximately, and the modern German, with dialetti making the part of the groups of the "advanced German" (Oberdeutsch) and of the "medium German" (Mitteldeutsch).
- low-German (Niederdeutsche): the dialetti of language low-German (Plattdeutsche), it speaks to you in the northern Germany above all, comprising the groups of low sassone (Niedersächsisch) and of low German it orients them (Ostniederdeutsch), and the group of low francone (Niederfränkisch), that it comprisesDutch of i and fiammingo of .
Grammar
The German is one of the modern Germanic languages with the more complex grammar, because of the presence of i cases and of the consequent declination of the sostantivi. The cases in German are four: nominative case, accusativo, dative and genitivo. The sostantivi introduce 3 kinds: male, feminine and neutral, with you respect articles to you determined to you: Der for the male one, Die for the feminine one and Das for the neutral one and indeterminati to you: Ein for the male one, Eine for the feminine one and Ein for the neutral one. The paradigm of the irregular German verbos is constituted from three voices like in : Präsens (present), Präteritum (imperfetto/passato remote) and Perfekt (past next) and that render relatively simple the verbos German. It is present moreover Plusquamperfekt (trapassato prossimo/trapassato remote), Futur I (future simple) and Konjunktiv II (it conditions them). The German language is one flessivo-fusiva language.
It pronounces
The German is relatively simple from the point of view of pronounces because, like the Italian, he introduces little differences between "written" and "the spoken one". It as an example sees the strong presence of dentale and sibilanti ( Strasse it is pronounced Strasse - Zähne it is pronounced Tzene). Characteristic they are "the raddolciti" sounds with the Umlaut (dieresi) of some vocal ones: or, to and u that they become ö (pron. like French dormeuse), ä (pron. and opened) and ü (pron. likeu French)
Relationship with the English language
There are many German words that are become related with those English (Remembering that the two languages make part of the same linguistica family). Many of they are easy identifiable and have practically the same one meant.
ENGLISH GERMAN TRANSLATION :Winter Winter winter :Sommer Summer summer :best better Best :grün green green :haben (to)have possession :Finger Finger finger :Bett read Bed :Haus House house :lachen laugh to laugh :Schiff ship ship :singen, sang, gesungen sing, sang, sung song, I sang, sung :gut good good :Mann Man man :Buch Book book :Schule School school :Cold Kalt cold
Some words have various consononanti and that has had to the Consonantica Spin of the High German. As an example in many related words the consonante "b" of the German is rendered from the "v" of English.
German: Liebe(amore) >> English: Love
German: geben(dare) >> English: (to) give
This happens moreover with the sibilante "ff" that in English it is rendered with "p" and in "ss" that in English is rendered with "t"
German: Schiff(nave) >> English: Ship
German: Lassen(lasciare) >> English: let
Confronting the Dutch Language regarding that German and to that English a "intermediate degree" can be noticed in it. We place three simple examples in order to observe the consonantico exchange:
German: Vergessen(dimenticare) >> Dutch: Vergeten >> English:(to)Forget
German: Geben(dare) >> Dutch: Geven >> English: (to)Give
German: Helfen(aiutare) >> Dutch: Helpen >> English: (to)Help
Some examples
- Hello: It has it (in Baviera: Servus)
- Good day (from the dawn until the 10:00): Guten Morgen
- Good day (from the 10:00 until evening): Guten Tag
- Good evening: Guten Abend
- Good night: Gute Nacht
- Good travel: Gute Reise
- Thanks: Danke, Vielen Dank, Danke schön, Tausend Dank
- Ringrazio to you: Ich danke to say
- Ringrazio: Ich danke Ihnen
- Excuse, Excuses: Entschuldigung, Entschuldigen Sie
- How it calls to you?: Wie heisst du?
- How it is called?: Wie heissen Sie?
- How you are?: Wie geht' s to say? Well, and you?: Gut, und to say?
- How it is?: Wie geht es Ihnen? Well, and She?: Gut, und Ihnen?
- From where you come?: Woher kommst du? I come from Italy: Ich komme aus Italien
- From where it comes?: Woher kommen Sie? I come from Switzerland: Ich komme aus der Schweiz
- How many years you have?: Wie stop bist du?
- How many years it has?: Wie stop sind Sie?
- Which hours are?: Wie spät ist es? They are the eleven: Es ist elf Uhr
- Qual' is your profession? Was bist du von Beruf? They are a doctor: Ich bin Arzt
- Qual' is its profession? Was sind Sie von Beruf? They are a druggist: Ich bin Apotheker
- It speaks Italian?: Sprichst du Italienisch? Not, I do not speak Italian: Nein, Ich spreche kein Italienisch
- It speaks Spanish?: Sprechen Sie Spanisch? Not, I do not speak Spanish: Nein, ich spreche kein Spanisch
- What today you make? Was machst du heute? I go to the cinema: Ich gehe ins Kino
- You know to play to tennis?: Kannst du Tennis spielen?
- You know to swim?: Kannst du schwimmen?
- You have a dog?: Hast du einen Hund?
- I drink coffee gladly: Ich trinke gern Kaffee
- Tomorrow I must work: Morgen muss ich arbeiten
- This summer I go in Italy: Dieser Sommer fahre ich nach Italien
- It leaves me in peace!: Lass mich in Ruhe!
- I do not have wants to go to school: Ich habe keine Lust, in die Schule zu gehen
- Good bye: Auf Wiedersehen!
- I love to you: Ich liebe dich
- German (language): Deutsch (inhabitant): Deutscher
- Italian (language): Italienisch (inhabitant): Italiener
Correlated voices
- High ancient German
- High medium German
- Dialetti of the German language
- Language low-German
- German ortografica reform
External connections
- History notes of the German language
- Short history of the German language (in English)
- German Dictionary <-> Italian (in German)
- Situated of the Goethe Institut of Milan (in German and Italian)
- Taken care of grammatical German cured from the university Ca' Foscari of Venice
- HTTP://www.vokabelheft.net Italian German Dictionary
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