The Indonesian language

The Indonesian language（Bahasa Indonesia)IndonesiaNational language. Trade language of this area (Phosphorus moth franc mosquito) WasThe Malayan languageOne dialect, nation common language. MalaysiaThe Malayan languageWith we have been similar very well, mutually not only understanding each other, presently also orthography method the Malaysian language ( Latin letter inscription) with it is common.MorphologyAt on Japanese similarly agglutination language.オーストロネシア linguistic familyIt belongs.

Originally the Indonesian languageMother languageThe population which you speak as to be very small, even in Indonesia west Malaysia was. At the presently it becomes national language, the capital city DjakartaThe Javan languageSo it is,スンダ languageAnd so on several hundred thing regional languages exist, but when recently the population which designates the Indonesian language as mother language Djakarta increases to the center, it is thing. east ティモール.

Table of contents 1 Orthography method 2 Grammar 2.1 Language shape change 2.2 Word order 2.3 Tense 3 Expression 3.1 Greeting and the like 3.2 Number 3.3 Language 3.4 Sentence 4 External link

Orthography method

Latin letter (the alphabetical character) is used. Unlike the Malayan language, presently Arabian type（ジャウィ: Jawi) You do not use basically excluding the case where it is special. Japanese ヘボン type alphabetical character is as follows.

• C Excluding imported proper name, the pronunciation /t/=/tS/ of tch.
• E In case of pronunciation of エ and there is with a case of ambiguous vowel, it has been decided by word. As in the book for the dictionary and the beginner when it is necessary to distinguish, when pronouncing エéWith you inscribe.
• F、V Just, it is the pronunciation of f, but normally it becomes the pronunciation of p.
• Sy The pronunciation //=/S/ of sh (X-SAMPA) Like this it is written.
• W It becomes v pronunciation.
• Ng Japanese Tokyo dialect me "" "" the pronunciation of g /? /=/N/ (X-SAMPA) With,GAlsoNAlso it is distinguished clearly.
• H There are times when after the vowel pronunciation does not become weak and/or is not pronounced.

In addition,

• Ny It is consonant of ニャ and ニ, but it is not the sound where y follows to n, it makes separate pronunciation. Namely /P/=/J/ (X-SAMPA) Is.
• Kh From some inner part ハッ the sound /x/ which is put out (?). Today there is many also a thing which is pronounced with /k/.

In addition, closed sound of last portion is not opened clearly, does the tongue or the shape of the lip and finishes.

Reading of alphabet seems the following way.

アー	ベー	チェー	Day	A	F	Gaea	ハー	イー	Shea	Car	L	M	N	O	ペー	Key	L	S	T	Woo	フェー	Way	X	イェー	ゼッ
A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O	P	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X	Y	Z

CAt the time of the abbreviation which is used for a long time, you pronounce "Say". Example: AC = アーセー = air conditioner, WC = way Say = rest room

As for line order of alphabet sort above is Kh, Ng, Ny and Sy as another letter, but depending upon the dictionary, only the language head

A B C D E F G H I J K Kh L M N Ng Ny O P Q R S Sy T U V W X Y Z

The way there are times when it arranges. Namely,

NUsuk ->NgAnga

DiNgIn -> DiNIhari

Grammar

Trade language (Phosphorus moth franc mosquito) As it is learned and as foreign language consequence or the grammar which is many a thing which speaks enter into quite simple one even in each language of the world.

Language shape change

• It is seen often in sign European language, because a quantity with respect to grammar, there is no distinction of characteristic, there is no language shape change which does not accompany the change of meaning.
• Being there is no tense, (later description), naturally, there is no language shape change with tense.
• Language shape change depends on prefix meaning and suffix exclusively. Word stem does not change as a general rule.
  • However, the later mentioned way, when prefix meaning of specification is attached, there are times when consonant of the language head of word stem converts to nose vowel systematically.
  • With the spoken language, prefix meaning being attached, consonant of the language head of word stem was abbreviated to nose vowel after converting, the prefix meaning part, when the change like whether the language head changed just of, is done, it is.
• Language changes by all means systematically.
• Typical language shape change
  • When in sentence other than statement, verb showing intended language clearly as a transitive, me- is attached to the language head. This time, depending upon the first sound of word stem, the consonant where me- became men- and/or and meng- was put between to nose sound is the systematic change which is converted.
  • Personal pronoun are times when it comes in contact as a prefix meaning and a suffix on front and back.

Word order

• Basically it is S-V-O, but the Japanese way there are times when subject is abbreviated.
• Modifier is attached after the suffering modifier. For example orang-hutan (the オラン Woo tongue) it is the Indonesian language which is well known even in Japan, but because as for orang the person, as for hutan it is the forest, orang hutan in the sense, person of the forest.
  
  • However, the language which displays number and the language which shows the lapse of the time are attached before. For example dua jam is, dua it meaning that jam the time is with 2, "at the time of the 2×" namely "2 hours", (this2You call "cardinal number"). When it is jam kedua, "when being 2nd,", it becomes meaning of "2 o'clock", (this2ndYou call "ordinal number").
• When example is listed, because as for saya me, as for tamu it is the customer, Saya tamu. If it is S-V and "I am the customer", that it becomes, if tamu saya it becomes relationship of decoration suffering decoration and becomes meaning of "my customer".

Tense

There is no tense with respect to grammar in the Indonesian language. When past, presently, liking to express future, the language which displays the time like "yesterday" is attached.

Expression

Greeting and the like

• Selamat datang (スラマッ ダタング) - Welcome
• Terima kasih (to the Lima mosquito sea) - thank you
  • Sama-sama (サマ サ マ) - how doing, be sure to be answered (vis-a-vis Terima kasih. )
• Selamat pagi (スラマッ パギ) - good morning it is
• Selamat siang (スラマッ スィアング) - Today (and so on, greeting of Japan and China)
• Selamat sore (スラマッ ソレ) - densely it is, it is (and so on, greeting in evening)
• Selamat malam (スラマッ マラム) - Be completed cripes (and so on, greeting of the night)
• Selamat tidur (スラマッ ティドゥル) - be completed cripes
• Selamat jalan (スラマッ ジャラン) - the way if, calling (vis-a-vis, person who departs) and others the っ plain gauze it is,
• Selamat tinggal (スラマッ・ティンガル) - さようなら(留まる人に対して)、いってきます
• Jumpa lagi (ジュンパ・ラギ) - ではまた
• Apa kabar? (アパ・カバル) - いかがですか？、お元気ですか
• Baik (バイク) - 元気です
• Maaf（マアフ） - すみません、ごめんなさい
  • Tidak, apa-apa（ティダク・アパアパ） - かまいません、大丈夫です

数

数字の語順は、11～19の例外をのぞけば、日本語と同じく左の桁から右の桁へ、桁の名前を挟みながら読んでいく。ただし、3桁ごと。3桁ごとにピリオド (.) を添えて表記することもある。小数点はコンマ (,) で表す。

• 0 - nol（ノル）
• 1 - satu（サトゥ）
• 2 - dua（ドゥア）
• 3 - tiga（ティガ）
• 4 - empat（ウンパッ）
• 5 - lima（リマ）
• 6 - enam（ウナム）
• 7 - tujuh（トゥジュフ）
• 8 - delapan（ドゥラパン）
• 9 - sembilan（スンビラン）
• 10 - sepuluh（スプルフ） < se=1, puluh= ×10 の意味
• 11 - sebelas（スブラス） < se=1, belas= +10
• 12 - duabelas（ドゥアブラス） < dua=2, belas= +10
• 20 - duapuluh（ドゥアプル） < dua=2, puluh= ×10
• 21 - duapuluh satu（ドゥアプル サトゥ）
• 30 - tigapuluh（ティガプル） < tiga=3, puluh= ×10
• 100 - seratus（スラトゥス） < se=1, ratus= ×100
• 200 - dua ratus（ドゥア ラトゥス）
• 300 - tiga ratus（ティガ ラトゥス）
• 1000 - seribu（スリブ） < se=1, ribu= ×1000
• 2000 - dua ribu（ドゥア リブ）
• 10000 - sepuluh ribu（スプル リブ）
• 100000 - seratus ribu（スラトゥス リブ）
• 1000000 - sejuta（スジュタ）
• 1000000000 - satu miliar（サトゥ ミリアル）

• 0,12 - nol koma satu dua（ノル コマ サトゥ ドゥア）

語

• jalan（ジャラン） - 道
• Jepang（ジュバング） - 日本
• bahasa（バハサ） - ことば
  • bahasa Jepang（バハサ ジュバング） - 日本語
• orang - 人（オラン）
  • orang Jepang（オラン ジュバング）- 日本人
• saya（サヤ） - 私
• anda（アンダ） - あなた
• nasi（ナシ） - ご飯
• kopi（コピ） - コーヒー
• makan（マカン） - 食べる
• minum（ミヌム） - 飲む
• minta（ミンタ） - 欲しい
• mau（マウ） - したい

日本語によく見られる、同じ音を繰り返す語（畳語という）がよく見られるという共通点もある。

• negara (ヌガラ) - 国 → negara-negara - 国々、諸国
• orang - 人 → orang-orang - 人々

文

• Saya orang Jepang. - 私は日本人です。
• Saya makan nasi. - 私はご飯を食べます。
• Minta kopi. - コーヒーをください。

外部リンク

• Indonesian 101 Indonesian for beginners and travelers (English)
• 東京外国語大学言語モジュール - インドネシア語
• 田村さんのインドネシア語口語辞書