Technical diving
Technical diving(Technical diving), it is one category of scuba diving which the general people who is called レクリエーショナルダイビング, sport diving and leisure diving etc. does with the pleasure. Technical diving,1950 age cave (underwater 鍾 milk cave, spring and the like includes) and sinking boat and the likeOverhead environmentWith technology and the knowledge which dive as an origin,1980 age NOAA (the American national oceanic atmospheric agency: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and the like with it was researchedMixture gas divingMaking use of technology, with general scuba diving the depth of water 40m beneath arrival which does not have the times when it goes (to 100m) andDecompression stopIn order to be able to make diving which is accompanied safe it was systematizedLeisure divingIt points. After being introduced in the magazine, entering the nineties it is called technical diving.
Especially in Europe and America, originally, there are times when also leisure diving which dives into the diving territory of レクリエーショナルダイビング making use of the high-level kind of equipment (on demand helmet) and the like which is used for system diving is named technical diving. Namely, as for Technical of Technical Diving originally, altitudeEquipmentWhen only it makes the adjective which it points, it is, but there are no times when technology in order to manage these is named Technical Diving generally. Because is, diving which is done with underwater construction such as bridge and oil field and diving which Self Defense Force and Maritime Safety Agency etc. do there are some which are in common with theory and the like, but it is the different thing.
Furthermore, inside the underwater structure of sinking and the like and the diver who calls upper-class scuba diving which penetrates inside the cave where the water is full overhead environmental diving it is.
At the time of execution, the small step program is established and as for the technical diver is many in the senior generation, but the Japanese diving industry trading color is strong, at little experience value because of the tendency which step-up it wishes to do, レクリェーショナル are required, enormous time necessity the diver who is misunderstood is many in order to learn these. As for overseas technical diverYaw mothThe person who is introduced it is many.
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Mixture gas diving
The person underwater as for problem when it dives deeply, the nitrogen which exists inside the air which inhalation has been done enters in the blood while diving due to the water pressure, っ て nitrogen expands inside the blood vessel with the fact that the water pressure decreases when surfacing and stops the flow of the blood, it is the generally known bends decompression symptom, decrease and the like of judgment happens with the fact that nitrogen is absorbed in the body and, to similar, it is the generally known nitrogen becoming drunk. In order the case of diving to avoid the harmful influence and the other harmful influences (oxygen poisoning and the like) of these nitrogen, the vessel commodity of diving theory and that for, and diving which uses the most special inhalation gas is called mixture gas diving.
Knight locks
In a broad sense nitrogen (Nitrogen) - oxygen (Oxygen) it points to the gaseous mixture, it designates the emergence possibility of the decompression symptom in diving and the reduction of the nitrogen becoming drunk and the extension of the non decompression limit as purpose. Generally, the nitrogen which raises oxygen density compared to the air - the oxygen gaseous mixture (Enriched Air Nitrox) naming, the knight locks (Nitrox) with you say. While the merit description above can be enjoyed by the fact that oxygen density makes high, because also danger of oxygen poisoning increases simultaneously, in maximum periscope depth range oxygenPartial pressureBelow uniformity (usually 1.4Ata, maximum of 1.6ata) In order to become, oxygen density must be restricted.
Try mix
helium (Helium) - nitrogen (Nitrogen) - oxygen (Oxygen) it points to the gaseous mixture. The try mix which makes helium mix the dangerous evasion of oxygen poisoning as a purpose is used for diving to 56m beneath with the breath gas for diving which is made oxygen 21% or less. As for the try mix which makes helium mix the decrease of the nitrogen becoming drunk as a purpose,トリオックスAlso it calls and it is used as the breath gas for diving to 40m beneath.
Helicopter ox
helium (Helium) - oxygen (Oxygen) it points to the mixed gas. But
- Helium the molecular weight is small, because absorption discharge to body organization it is fast in comparison with nitrogen, the special decompression chart which responds to the helium quantity which is included in the gas necessary.
- Considering the possibility of oxygen poisoning, in order to prevent the anoxia symptom where it is many, in the shoal to have made mixture ratio of oxygen/the helium which decreases oxygen, low it is necessary at least already to prepare the breath gas of 1 kind in one for depth.
- Because viscosity of the helium gas it is much low in comparison with the air, in the helicopter ox the vocal chord vibrates with high frequency, the unique shell you hear the voice which is in the midst of helicopter ox breathing, are difficult to take high and, changes in generally known ドナルドダック voice.
- As for conduction of heat of helium because it is high in comparison with the air, body temperature being taken, low the possibility of becoming the body temperature symptom increases.
- Helium is very expensive.
- The high pressure nervous syndrome which causes the spasm.
And so on in the reason, it is not used for usual diving. In order to decrease these problems, the partial pressure 0. which does not make the nitrogen becoming drunk cause25kPa furthermore nitrogen was mixed in the range below, also generally known try mix is used.
Diving there is no relationship, but with purpose of suffocation accident prevention, the helicopter ox is used in place of pure helium as the surfacing gas of the balloon.
Special equipment
At the time of technical diving, the equipment selection which equips becomes important.
- Breath source of two systems such as マニフォルド double tank and side mount
- The rear license plate (there is also a software BC) with the bladder
- Canister light/write (battery light/write)
- Reel and spool
In these equipment, to environment and purpose, such as ケイブ, wreck and deep adjusting modifying equipment configuration, you use.
リブリーザー
呼気から二酸化炭素を取り除き、酸素を補って再利用する循環式呼吸装置のことである。 広義には医療用の吸入全身麻酔器等もこの装置に含まれるが、一般的には、潜水用、災害救助用等の、一式を身体に装着して用いる装置を指す。 閉鎖式(CCR:Closed Circuit Rebreather)と、常時一定量(呼吸によって消費される酸素量の何倍かの酸素を含む)混合気体を供給し、余剰のガスは外部に放出する半閉鎖式(SCR:Semi-Closed Rebreather)がある。
- SCR(半閉鎖式循環式)
- CCR(閉鎖式循環式)
詳しくは、ダイビング器材を参照。
有名な日本人
- 探検家
- 石山慎弥
- 櫻井進嗣
- 神保
- 八木富行
- レジャー
- 安原謙二TDI
- 鷹野与志弥TDI
- 田原浩一IANTD,TDI
- 豊田聡IANTD
- 吉田博希IANTD,TDI
関連
- テクニカルダイビング情報サイト
- TECHダイビング1997年
- 日本ケイブテック倶楽部2002年
- T DIVE.NET2003年
- 専門器材メーカー
- ケイブダイビング専門団体
- テクニカルダイビング団体
- 日本潜水学会
オーバーヘッド環境
沈没船などの水中構造物の内部や水が満ちた洞窟内部に進入するテクニカルダイビングを一般レジャーダイバーの上級者が潜るオーバーヘッド環境ダイビングと勘違いするダイバーが多く、未だに上級ダイバーやインストラクターによる事故は絶えない。
ケイブ
ケイブダイビング(Caveケーブとも)は、光の届かない洞窟に潜ることであり、カバーン(Cavern光の届く洞窟)と区別される。 主に、ダイバーは泉や海中鍾乳洞に潜り、ケイバー(洞窟探検家)は洞窟内部にあるサンプや地底湖に潜る。 装備は、二系統の呼吸源(レギュレーター)、リールもしくはスプール、3つのライト、目印につかうラインアローやクッキーが最小限の器材になる。時には、タンクを脇の下に装備したり、ヘルメットを着用して潜る。
一般的なランクアップは、
- カバーン・ダイバー:光の届く範囲で、ラインの伝い方や器材慣れなど基本的なスキルを身に付ける。
- イントロケーブ・ダイバー:単調なケイブ範囲で、リールや基礎スキルの復習をする。
- フルケーブ・ダイバー:複雑なケイブに潜る基本スキルを身に付ける。
- 上級ケイブダイバー
- 混合ガスを使用しての潜水。
- リブリーザー使用を伴う潜水。
- 洞内における水中スクーター使用方法。
- ケイブダイビングにおける水中測量。
- 3本以上のタンクを使用したステージボトル潜水。
- タンクを両脇に装備して洞内脱着するサイドマウント潜水。
国内では、ケイブダイビングを知らない人が忍野八海(1987年7月16日)、龍泉洞、聖穴(1987年)、南大東島、与那国島、高知県、滋賀県などの洞窟で事故を起こしてきた。
90年代に入り本格的な洞窟潜水を海外で習得したケイブダイバー(洞窟潜水探検家)により八郎沢の風穴、安家洞、氷渡洞、幽玄洞、弁天様の水穴、大悲の滝、諏訪の水穴、石舟沢鍾乳洞、聖穴、倉沢の水穴、忍野八海、ひめ坂鍾乳穴、諏訪洞、あがり、いやのくち、稲積水中鍾乳洞、岩戸鍾乳洞、金志川泉、友利のアマガーなどと日本各地の洞窟を調査している。
またテクニカルダイバー達が、広部ガマ(沖縄本島)、ヒデンチガマ(久米島)など海中鍾乳洞で潜ってる。
未だに独自の方法を用いて洞内のサンプに潜るドライケイバー(洞窟探検家)も秋芳洞など調べてる。
レック
レックダイビング(Wreck)は、沈没船(戦没船)など海底に沈んだ人工物の中に侵入することである。熱海の沈船で死亡事故が起こった。(1987年)
