トマス Robert Malthus
トマス Robert Malthus（Thomas Robert Malthus,17662 month 17 day－183412 month 13 day) England economics, < the classical school > representation economic scholar.
Life and theory
Cambridge university,1798To become the secondary pastor of アルバリ (Albury) of サリ state, rear ヘーリバリ (Haileybury) east Indian company attachment institute, (1805It comes). Godwin justice 1793>> And so on it is seen socialism idea, the main work ' population theory An essay ON the principle of population as it affects the future improvement of society,1798' You wrote, you announced the opinion regarding the actualization of ideal society. That < population law > according to as for natural increase of populationGeometric progressionIt traces, but as for the life dataArithmetic seriesBecause so it only increases, increase of the poverty with this excessive population is not avoided, as for the only plan for this, the same book second edition (1803As) explained, postponement of the marriage age which accompanies control, namely < moral control > is. It is something where this theory, unhappiness of the human assume, rationalizes the contradiction of capitalism society because of this and adds strike to social reform idea that it is the result of fatal theory natural law. In this first edition, plague war famine because it suggests, that it is the relief with naturally to excessive population カーライル, "economics it is gloomy study", that it repelled, but the main solid place of logic only was expressed that way as Malthus, probably will be. In addition that ' economics principle Principles of political economy,1820' Ricardo, it is something which expresses the own opinion regarding wealth work value differential rent panic and the like, but the standpoint where the landlord and the capitalist are protected is taken. It cannot look at the industrial progress with the trade which Ricardo explains as virtue coming ones, even counter dynamic economic theory you can say, but on the one hand,20 centuryPanicIt reached the point where it is observed as cause < oversaving > theory it is thought already by Malthus. In other words, "saving which is not consumed in profit is born, it is the knowledge that all incomes do not limit turn to consumption with". When this is overproduction and underconsumption and cause of panic, Malthus thought. But, as for Ricardo, as for overproduction it is temporary phenomenon in the round trip letter of Malthus, saving and unemployed capital can be cancelled by the fact that it moves to appropriate industry rapidly, that you refute. Rather than that Ricardo's panic theory (with saying, as for panic because the opinion that) it becomes main current, it cannot last long with the origin of free noninterference economy, ホブソン Keynes to take, < oversaving > connotation was buried in classical economics.
< Main work >
The aforementioned other things:
- Observation ON the effects of the Corn Laws, 1814;
- An inquiry into the nature and progress of rent, 1815;
- The grounds of an opinion ON the policy of restricting the importation of foreign corn,1815;
- The measure of value stated andillustrated,1823
- Definition in political ecconomy, 1727
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