ワリ

ワリ (Huari, Wari) With,

1. 500 year? Around 900 Andes central highland the pre- Inca. You express with this manuscript.
2. Bolivia, ruins name of pre- Inca age and place name of the same area (Huari).
3. The beer name which is sold in Bolivia (Huari).

Location

As for capital of ワリ, the present time Peru、アヤクーチョIt is said that it was in the prefecture. Because of that, to ワリ ruins,アヤクーチョAlso sight-seeing tour has come out of city. In addition, キヌア (Quinua) It goes and rides in the bus, in order to pass by the vicinity of the ruins, it is possible to go. Recently, also the museum is serviced, displays the relic which is excavated from the ruins. Especially it is feature of ワリ culture, with the stick the front the large size where the person who faces draws 甕 and, obsidian(Black 耀 stone) Make stonework are displayed many. In addition, far Peru north sectionMosquito hammer LukeIt is thought that it was carried from the prefecture,Mosquito hammer LukeAlso the earthenware of formula is displayed. Simultaneously, realityBolivian republicThere was a center ティワナク cultural sphere, ティワナク style earthenware is displayed.

Feature

The beginning of ワリ culture is not recognized clearly. However, it is found in this area that it is the local culture which is called ワルパ before ワリ.

As for ワリ, the present time Peru coast section and part the whole highland, but Pacific Ocean coast section really is which way whether, Lima suburb andEggplant mosquitoIf portion of the district is excluded, secure thing is not almost found. Peru North Sea bank モチェ culture sphere is argued variously. At one time penetration of ワリモチェIt was argued that atrophy of the governmental body is urged, but presently the researcher who denies this theory is many. In addition, almost in the same time, Andes central highland southern part Bolivia north section ティワナク culture had prospered. This time,The Andean archaeologyWith chronology, you call the mid-term horizon. Presently, the chronology D.On the basis of the chronology of メンゼル while while being corrected, it is used.

　With ワリ, large number we to allot the building which in order to control the every place is superior, the present timePeruvian republicThere is a north sectionワマチューコCity suburbビラコチャパンパAre the ruins and southern Cuzco prefectureピキリャクタThe ruins is famous. The construction group of this ワリ which reflected upon the wall doubly, features the rectanglular room condition structure is argued as one index of control of ワ リ, but really, you can see difference depending upon area, you say that there are also some which show the fact that you control in the kind of form which covers the political organization of native origin depending upon area.

　In addition, it is interpreted that also the building which has the open space which does D letter type at one of feature of the construction group of ワリ culture, probably is the place of courtesy. There are some which have the underground type building in the local ruins of ワリ center and several ワ リ, they form the complicated structure which reaches to underground several meters.

　Among the archaeological relics which are represented in ワリ culture, the earthenware of the glass condition which is called large-sized turtle and ケーロ is famous. With ワリ culture, corn liquor ( チチャ) It was assumed, that the courtesy activity which is used was done actively, that courtesy the execution り after being done, broke the earthenware and it is assumed that the courtesy which buries in the earth was done. The figure and the crop etc. are drawn in the turtle.

　ワリ period textile goods plural has been found at coastal area, there ティワナク culture andプカラIs in common with culture the figure image "of the God which had the stick" is drawn. As for the motif which is drawn same ones are many, but method of drawing differs from these cultures somewhat. ティワナク culture, the figure image of ワリ culture is rather simplified, (it is troubled with expression, but you said that if anything, it has become the cartoon っ ぽ く, it probably is feeling or). This the figure image which is drawn in the earthenware is the same. Also the hat which is utilized in ワリ period has been found, well perhaps the person in power utilization, it is about probably to be board ones, but the feature is something whose top is level with four angles. As for the kind of hat which is similar to this ティワナク culture.

　In addition, with ワリ culture,Black 耀 stoneAlso circulation was done actively.Black 耀 stoneWas prizedMeso American sentenceUnlike discernment,The Andean civilizationPutting,Black 耀 stoneBy comparison with the other stone that much it was not the stone which is attached importance. However, wide scope it understands from society of B.C. that it is the circulation which crosses. With ワリ culture, inside territory of self,Black 耀 stoneIt has the area of production. For example,アレキーパNear Alca and Chivay which is the prefecture, Cuzco prefectureBlack 耀 stoneIn order to produce, the trade being done over wide scope has understood in ワリ period. ティワナク ruins and the ruins around that, was imported from this ワリ cultural sphere, but fact ティワナク-related ruins quite is small, only is utilized portion of the stone arrowhead and the like.

ワリ ティワナク

　In the times when ワリ prospers, presently in present Peruvian republic ティワナク culture is active. Perhaps ティワナク society considerably complicated nation level. At one time, ワリ was called ティワナコイデ or coastal Tiahuanaco, but presently ティワナク it is found, that it is political organization and the culture which differ it calls ワリ, it became the sea urchin.

　ワリ ティワナク approximatelyモケグワIt is said that it was around the prefecture.モケグワThe cello are the local ruins of ワリ & the bowl which ティワナク governmental body. As for these, the respective condition of site to differ, the cello & the bowl in the top of the mountain, the オモ ruins groupモケグワ川の近く谷底周辺に立地する。両者の具体的な関係はわかっていないが、このように棲み分けがなされていたことは注目に値する。

　また、ワリ遺跡ではティワナク様式の土器などが散見されるが、ティワナク遺跡ではワリ文化の遺物が発見されることはほとんどない。

ワリとインカ

ワリの滅亡後、300年が経過すると、インカ帝国が成立する。ワリの支配の方法はインカ帝国にも受け継がれたといわれており、さまざまな面で影響を与えているといわれている。たとえば、インカ帝国全土に広がる道路網はワリ帝国の時代に基礎が築かれている。また、ワリの王統がインカに継承されているとも言われており、口承で残っている。さらに、インカ期に用いられたキープ（結縄）と呼ばれる縄の結び目を利用した文字の代替用具が、ワリ期にすでに存在したとも言われている。さらに、インカの宿敵であったチャンカは、アヤクーチョが起源といわれている。

主な参考文献

• Isbell, William H.

  1991 - Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library & Collection.

• McEwan, Gordon F.

  2005 - Pikillacta : The Wari Empire in Cuzco. University Of Iowa Press.

• Menzel, Dorothy

  1968 - La cultura Huari. The series of "Las grandes civilizaciones del Antiguo Peru." Peruano Suiza,Lima.

• Schreiber, Katharina J.

  1992 - Wari Imperialism in Middle Horizon Peru (Anthropological Papers (Univ of Michigan, Museum of Anthropology)). Univ of Michigan Museum.