Riot

Riot（It is, the っ coming) With, heart was done together with a some reason corps it tries to achieving purpose with heart and conduct as one, or because of thatAlliance approximately、 contract, the resistance motion which includes the use of military force for the group which forms the political corps and the established dominant system which designates this as the basis.

『 孟 child ' in the word which is derived, Edo age, in the form other than the existing order which is officially recognized in the shogunate, alliance of such riot because it reaches the point where you can prohibit the fact that itself the political corps which by approximately is formed, like whether closely in Japan of today it is the language where riot itself just means rebellion and the riot of, it reached the point where it is misunderstood. Because of that the Japanese riot being translated into English, it is introduced to the foreign country at the time of, Riot , Revolt With you saidRiotAndRebellionBeing translated as the language which is meant generalized. Modern timesFarmer riot Peasant uprising With being translated into English, it is introduced, but in actuality Peasant Small it meansTenantJust due to it is not something, on the other hand the affluent book which stands in guide standpoint of the village farmer and others, they on the other hand are the language which points to the farm manager with English Farmer When with the fact that it is suitable to translate, is considered, the English translation where this conforms to historical fact you cannot say. In the same way, for exampleThe Munich riotThe way rebellion and the riot by the populace and the populace motion in world history, coup Japanese being translated, applying the language of riot to common use converts, but this being similar to medieval Japanese riot, you say the thing which becomes fault you do not obtain.

There are also times when riot finishes to step on certainly in rebel and riot use of military force, but it does not mean that such use of military force is riot, this is used "the political corps very thing which alliance approximately is based" is riot.

Muromachi・ age of civil wars was centered Middle Ages latter term, under from the populace on Daimyo classLordUntil, almost all classes, have guaranteed the foundation of exercise of right of the self by concluding riot contract with the person who is thought the person of self equal class, saying, that just very riot was social order, it is not overstatement. Warring States DaimyoTerritory countryAlso organization, it was managed just by the alliance approximately accumulation of riot. For example the Warring States Daimyo Mouri,The China umbrella compact under joint signatureIt depends AkiNational personIt was not anything person other than riot. Because of that, also the fact that riot becomes cause it is, but rebellion, the riot and the coup and the like which assure turning over of administration originally are the language which should distinguish clearly.

This way, from the medieval latter term when really order is achieved alliance of riot by approximately, as for the public while riot is prohibited, by the fact that it passes the time of generally known farmer riot of the Edo era which really to common usage has been converted as an exercise of right motion of farmer status, today as for original meaning of riot it is forgotten, has become hard to understand. Because of that, it was formed Mouri the Warring States Daimyo Mouri original engaging in was drawnNHK big river drama『Mouri original engaging in' In, use of language of riot being avoided with the scene where original engaging in ties the national human riot of the Aki national person, "national human lord combination" there is also an example where kind of today becomes it can use language meaning.

In addition, alliance of riot of the medieval latter term by approximately is the political corps whichArmamentThere is also the direction which remembers the meaning being agreeable of revolt of warlord strongly from the fact that it has done, but these times,Our inspection stopping/decidingOn the basis of right, almost the corps of all classesProvost powerWithJurisdictionIt can recognize use, the armament which becomes guarantee for the achievement does not have to forget that it is proper.

Especially Japan Meiji period, before the Edo era is closest, after becoming "history" of modern times, riot to, is an kind of impression which points "farmer riot", but the aforementioned way although alliance of riot approximately being prohibited, you call the public that it does not recognize you did not obtain realistically, as a custom of exercise of right of farmer status we should not regard model of the historical riot of Japan with the riot of these times which had the composition where actuality and policy alienate considerably, it probably will be. The farmer riot which was done under alliance approximately prohibiting of at this public riot the earth 寇 (every う) also Chinese language was inscribed in character reason with respect to the policy.

Alliance of riot you tie approximately at the time of, declaration contents and the penal regulations etc. are recorded with KamimaeHappening receiving sentenceWriting, you pledge, you drink the ash which burns the paperConspirators God waterWith the ceremony which is called was done.

Table of contents

Form and history

Form

Those which are joint extensive area

History

As a social terminology to the Edo first stage from Muromachi era, it is military force because shrine power requires such as direct appeal monk soldier, the center or warlord itself of non official recognition, or those it points to a state where the resistance motion which includes use of military force vis-a-vis the original established dominant system of a some insistence is developed in the く and from local administration, that of Muromachi era national riot (is the っ to come) with says.

Generally lineage orthodox characteristic and the leader which has preponderant military force do not exist and in as seen "compact under joint signature", locally when the full participant is democratic representative system in equality being many, therefore quick, standardized leadership does not exist, the case where, most being proud of accent temporarily, weakens with internal separation, and the like is defeated individually was the majority.

From the Period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties in Muromachi era, Kanto districtMusashi seven partyAnd so on small-to-medium-sizedWarrior groupIt dependsWhite flag riotNational riot such as flat riot happens, from the congeneric group changes eventually to the regional group. Kaga country( Ishikawa prefecture) So, in Muromachi era application/response benevolenceWealth oak personYou banish, age of civil wars. In this case circumstance of peripheral countries just permitted that, if circumstance changes to reality, internal separation happens immediately, Oda being opposed, it was defeated.

The shogunate to prohibit riot in the Edo era, 1637 Shimabara rebellion以降は一揆は沈静化し、強訴や逃散など百姓一揆と呼ばれる闘争の形態が主流となる。江戸時代後期の天明年間、天保年間には再び広域の一揆が多発する。幕末には世直し一揆、明治には新政府の政策に反対する徴兵令反対一揆や地租改正反対一揆が起こる。


一揆の事例

日本

中世
安土桃山時代
江戸時代
近代

関連用語

関連書籍

  • 『一揆』勝俣鎮夫　岩波書店　ISBN 4-00-420194-2
  • 『百姓一揆事典』深谷克己 監修 民衆社 ISBN 4838309120
  • 『百姓一揆とその作法』保坂智 吉川弘文館 ISBN 4642055371
  • 『刀狩り 武器を封印した民衆』藤木久志　岩波新書　岩波書店　2005年　ISBN 4-00-430965-4 C0221

外部リンク

 

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