Harmonic overtone

CertainSound frequency (2 or more) integer timeHarmonic overtone(Time it is) with to call, the sound which is 1 time (original sound)Fundamental tone(It comes and it is) with says.

string instrument and wind instrumentSine wave（Sign wave)

When it disassembles, other than sound of the frequency which is audible in the ear, that harmonic overtone is included. This kind of harmonic overtone with EnglishHarmonic overtone（Harmonic overtone) With it calls.

In addition, wind instrument and string instrument, it is possible even at the same tube and length of the chord to make the harmonic overtone be audible, by execution. Especially brass instrument that as for the majority of the sounds which are put out it is the harmonic overtone. This kind of harmonic overtone with EnglishOverblowing（Overblow(Wind instrument)),フラジオレット（Flageolet(The string instrument)) with it calls.

Furthermore, Englishハーモニクス（Harmonics) It is the word which is used in meaning of harmonic overtone and meaning of フラジオレット.

Frequency axial indication of harmonic overtone

Overtone

When disassembling sound in the sine wave, to call the low frequency fundamental tone, other than thatOvertone(The じ ょ fish it is,Overtone) With you say. Also the sound which is not the harmonic overtone is included in this overtone. Can harmonic overtone, rephrase that it is the overtone which has () the frequency of integer two times of 2 or more of fundamental tone.

Musical tone

When disassembling in the sine wave, fundamental tone the sound which has consisted of just the harmonic overtoneMusical tone(The く it is) with you say. As for the ear of the person, in the musical tone and the sound which is close to that is felt. This time, you feel with height of fundamental tone. Namely, frequency of fundamental tone of the musical tone, is felt frequency of at that musical tone. This way, as for the harmonic overtone of the musical tone as for being conscious that way in the ear of the human usually it is not. But as for difference of constitution of harmonic overtone timbre. When singing, the person voice and the wind instrument and the string instrument is the musical tone (close sound).

Pure tone

Among the musical tones, the harmonic overtone the sound which is not includedPure tone(The じ ゅ it is it is) with you say. The pure tone it is the sound by the sine wave.

噪 sound

The sound which has the overtone other than the harmonic overtone噪 sound(So it is) with you say. percussion instrument is 噪 sound. Even in the percussion instrument like the xylophone, the iron koto and the timpani the musical instrument which feels the pitch of sound, the overtone does not occur excessively the sea urchin doing, sound is brought close to the pure tone, (the xylophone and the iron koto), bringing close the overtone to the harmonic overtone line, (the timpani) it is.

Difference tone

There are times when pitch of sound is felt) in fundamental tone with respect to the (theory even with the sound which lacks fundamental tone, consists of just the harmonic overtone. This,Difference tone(The pole it is) with it calls.

Each harmonic overtone

The sound which becomes the causeNThe harmonic overtone which has the frequency of timeNIt calls the harmonic overtone.

1. The 1st harmonic overtone namely, is original sound. The usually it does not include 1st harmonic overtone to the harmonic overtone. There are times when the 1st harmonic overtone of the harmonic overtone which is included in the musical tone is called fundamental tone.
   Below, each harmonic overtone which is higher than original sound musical interval is recorded. In addition, doing the harmonic overtone of c sound as example. As for pitch name, octave inscription.
2. As for 2nd harmonic overtone octave, c¹It becomes.
3. The 3rd harmonic overtone to be sound with respect to 1 octave and complete 5 degrees, g¹It becomes. However, average law very little.
4. The 4th harmonic overtone to be sound with respect to 2 octaves, c²It becomes.
5. The 5th harmonic overtone to be the sound which is on 2 octaves and long 3 times, e²It becomes. However, it is somewhat lower than the sound of average law.
6. The 6th harmonic overtone to be sound with respect to 2 octaves and complete 5 degrees, g²It becomes. However, it is higher than the sound of average law very little.
7. The 7th harmonic overtone 2 octaves to be sound with respect to 7 degrees shortly, b²It becomes. However, it is considerably lower than the sound of average law.
8. The 8th harmonic overtone to be sound with respect to 3 octaves, c³So it is.
9. The 9th harmonic overtone to be the sound which is on 3 octaves and long 2 times, d³It becomes. However, barely it is higher than the sound of average law.
10. The 10th harmonic overtone to be the sound which is on 3 octaves and long 3 times, e³It becomes. However, it is somewhat lower than the sound of average law.
11. The 11th harmonic overtone to be sound with respect to 3 octaves and increase 4 degree, fis³It becomes. However, it is considerably lower than the sound of average law.
12. The 12th harmonic overtone to be sound with respect to 3 octaves and complete 5 degrees, g³It becomes. However, it is higher than the sound of average law very little.
13. The 13th harmonic overtone to be the sound which is on 3 octaves and long 6 degrees, a³It becomes. However, it is considerably lower than the sound of average law.
14. The 14th harmonic overtone 3 octaves to be sound with respect to 7 degrees shortly, b³It becomes. However, it is considerably lower than the sound of average law.
15. The 15th harmonic overtone to be the sound which is on 3 octaves and long 7 degrees, h³It becomes. However, it is somewhat lower than the sound of average law.
16. The 16th harmonic overtone to be sound with respect to 4 octaves, c⁴So it is.

Line of this kind of harmonic overtoneHarmonic overtone lineWith there are times when it calls.

Overblowing/フラジオレット

wind instrument and string instrument it can use the vibration of the tube and the vibration of the chord, but there are times when it can use for performance overblowing and フラジオレット. Furthermore,NA state where sound of the harmonic overtone is put out,NThere are times when it calls the next mode.

• Regarding the wind instrument, it is called overblowing.
  • wooden bobbin musical instrument, lowest sound compared to octave putting out high sound, it can use after the 2nd harmonic overtone. However, clarinet, you cannot obtain the even number harmonic overtone because,1 octave and complete 5 degrees, it can use the cardinal number harmonic overtone after the 3rd harmonic overtone. Often to produce the harmonic overtone in order to make easy, the perforation is used. flute, without changing finger errand, produces, the 3rd harmonic overtone the technique which is called ハーモニクス.
  • brass instrument, it had sliding trombone, until the valve is utilized, it was the expedient to which only overblowing changes sound. As for the 1st harmonic overtone to which in the brass instrument after of the 2nd harmonic overtone is regularly used, is called "pedal note" trombone、 horn、 tuba and the like.
• Regarding the string instrument,ハーモニクスOr フラジオレット, vibrates 1Nの所に軽く触れることによって第n倍音を得る。

ハーモニックオーバートーン

鋸歯状波の音の倍音

楽音の中でもっとも基本になるのは、鋸歯状波で、波形が鋸の歯のようになっているので、この名がある。ヴァイオリンやオーボエの波形はこれに近い。鋸歯状波には基音とすべての倍音を含む。高い倍音ほど振幅（音量）が漸減し、第n倍音の振幅は基音の振幅の1/nである。

矩形波の音の倍音

波形が「己」の字を横にしたような形をしているのが矩形波である。クラリネットの波形はこれに近い。基音と奇数倍音だけが含まれ、第n倍音の音波の振幅は1/nである。

三角波の音の倍音

波形がＶ字型をしているのが三角波である。基音と奇数倍音だけが含まれ、第n倍音の音波の振幅は1/n²である。