Encephaloma

Encephaloma (う palpus way, Brain tumor) With, brainDiseaseAt one,CraniumThe neoplasm which occurs in the inside organization ( tumor) Thing is meant. Namely, as for the encephaloma not only the brain cell,Dura mater、Spider membraneInside cranium blood vessel andPeripheral nerveIt occurs from all organizations which exist inside the other crania. Occurrence frequency is assumed that every year it is the ratio 12 in approximately 100,000 people. Furthermore, basic concreteOccurrence primary factorIt does not exist.

Condition

The encephaloma when a usually some condition appears, already the tumor, because it is it grows in size,Brain edemaWhen it has pulled up it is the majority,Cranial internal pressure 亢 Shin condition(You question, but thickly like this the grommet which is not Shoji ょ う) namely, headache、Evil intention、 vomiting、Medulla pressure 亢 ShinAs and so on it causes, as a local condition depending upon the occurrence regionRange of vision deficiencyAnd hearing impairment and the like is accompanied. In addition in case of adult,SpasmWhen the seizure is caused it is not little.

Classification

The encephaloma, the aforementioned way in order to occur from various organization, in classification designated occurrence mother area as standard, World Health Organization (WHO) with the encephaloma organization classification (histological typing of tumours of the central nervous system) is used worldwide,2000 year edition

• Nervous epithelium organizational characteristic tumor (グリオーマ and ventricle coat swelling, nerve cell characteristic tumor and nervous ectoderm characteristic tumor etc. of fetus type)
• The neurilemma (the grommet け it does to be, the ょ う) the characteristic tumor (the neurilemma swelling and the nervous tissue swelling etc.)
• Meninx characteristic tumor (meninx swelling and other mesenchyme characteristic tumors etc.)
• Lymph swelling and hemotopoiesis cellularity neoplasm
• Germ cell characteristic tumor (germ cell swelling, yolk sac tumor and deformed swelling etc.)
• The Turkish saddle (bean jam ぶ) tumor
• Transfer characteristic tumor

It was roughly classified, the encephaloma of approximately 130 typesOrganizational typeIs defined.

Degree of malignancy

Generally, in the encephalomaHistopathologyThe mark degree of malignancy, classification of organizational type the system of classification similarly due to WHO has been utilized, from Grade I which means the fact that degree of malignancy is lowest classifying into 4 stages up to of worst Grade IV, it is contrastive with the individual tumor. When this degree of malignancy and there is a connection in the occurrence region, outside the brain (Extra-axial) it is general, when when it is relatively benign is many, inside the brain (Intra-axial) it is opposite, there is a tendency where the possibility of being malignant is high.
However, the encephaloma the occurrence place, was the important organ in the life support, brain, in the special conditional reason that, earlier description it is the narrow place where at the same time it was surrounded in the strong skull, pathology ones, for example (, pathologically being the Grade I= benign tumor, the cranial internal pressure 亢 from Shin the brain hernia, it can become fatal). Namely, whether or not the occurrence region of the tumor, size, infiltration characteristic (later description) is, there is a necessity which considers radiation or the reactivity etc. for the medicine. Furthermore, basic in the encephalomaIllness period(Stage) With the concept which is said does not exist.

• Infiltration characteristic

While infiltration characteristic (the grommet じ ゅ it is consequence) with at one of manners of growth of the tumor, changing the normal cell to the tumor cell, it means that it grows. Namely, it had this qualityWhen all it tries to extract the tumor, either normal tissue must be extracted simultaneously,It means especially. If you rephrase, the fact that all extraction of the tumor quite is difficult is meant.

Typical cure

The cure which is used at the time of remedying of the encephaloma basically is surgical operation, but in other things radiotherapy and chemotherapy, they express simply concerning the respective feature and present condition etc..

Surgical operation

At the time of remedying of the encephaloma most effective and most being used operation, by the fact that surgically the tumor is extracted, in case of the benign tumor, if the tumor can be extracted all, all-inclusive Osamu is possible. Presently it is designed in such a way that with the computer it can know healing position in real time with the development of technology, the remedy characteristic record is improving.

Radiotherapy

As for radiotherapy using radiation, being something which destroys the tumor cell 50? 60Gy(Gray) dividing into over ten times, it is general to irradiate. Radiation sensitivity it is high, (the effect it is easy to appear) there is a germ cell swelling, a lymph swelling and a medulla bud swelling etc. in the tumor, when especially sensitivity heals high with only radiation lighting, there is an embryo bud swelling among these. In addition, with tumor of partGamma knife(γ -knife) with the remedy which uses the machine which intensively pours radiation to the affected part which is called is done.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy using the medicine, is the method the tumor making reduce, but in the brainBlood brain channel(BBB; Blood-brain barrier) Because with there is a mechanism which obstructs the penetration of the foreign material which is called, the problem that is held the medicine is difficult to arrive in target place. Because of this, blood brain channel use of the breaking possible liposoluble medicine in the center, multi medicine combined use medical therapy has become the basis in variety reason of the tumor.

In addition

As other cures, raising the immunization of the organism, it obstructs the growth of the tumor immunity medical therapy (BBM; Biological response modifiers) andGene medical therapyFurthermoreIt is heavy the corpuscular ray、 proton line using and others ones and thermal medical therapy and the like is devised, but at present stage as for these it is not something which can be expected excessively.

Basic remedy policy

As for the encephaloma as expressed so far, because it has consisted from the various tumor, the proper there is a difference the cure depending upon the individual tumor. Because of that, here you avoid the description for the concrete tumor, when it is benign and you leave in description of the level such as the basic remedy policy in the case where it is malignant.

Benign tumor

良性腫瘍の場合、腫瘍を全摘出できれば完治が可能で、しかも再発することは基本的に無いため、ほとんどの場合手術により腫瘍を摘出する。ただし、良性腫瘍は摘出に高い技術を要する頭蓋底部に発生するとことが少なくないため、麻痺や視野欠損と言った神経脱落症状に注意する必要がある。

悪性腫瘍

悪性腫瘍は現在のところ、完治（CR; Complete recovery）を狙うことは困難であるため、いかに「人間として行動できる時間（Useful life もしくは QOL; Quality of life)｣を延ばすことができるかというのが治療における最大の焦点となっている。日本における具体的な治療の流れとしては、手術によりできる限り腫瘍を取り除いたあと、放射線治療、化学療法などの補助療法を併用し、再発した場合は再び切除を行うというものである。しかし、現実の治療実績は「悲惨」という言葉以外に当てはまるものがなく、特に悪性グリオーマの場合は、いかなる手段を講じても、その平均余命は1年程度に過ぎない。ちなみに、諸外国では考え方や医療制度の関係もあって、悪性腫瘍という診断がついた時点で、積極的治療を断念するのが主流のようである。