Charophyceae

Charophyceae(The plain gauze じ く so the る it is), Spermatophyta seaweed.シャジクモ、フラスモ(Also フラスコモ) and so on it is included .

Feature

CharophyceaeIn other words, that form Spermatophyta water plant, grows in the fresh water.

We do complicated shape as a seaweed and speaking concretely, there being a root, there is a principal axis which stands up from the bottom material, there is a many paragraph in the principal axis, it is something where those in every paragraph like the branch or the leaf in verticillate condition line up. Large ones reach to height several dozen cm, glance is the submergence characteristic water plantHornwortAnd the form, or it is similar to スギナモ Pteridophyta トクサ. But, the structure differs completely. Is the multi cells, but vascular bundle does not advance, makes much simply.

The principal axis from the paragraph to the paragraph does from the very long cell. ThisInternode cell(The せ っ can the wart う) with you say. In part of paragraphParagraph cell(The せ minute the wart う) with the small cell which is said arranges into circumferential condition. Also the part like the branch or the leaf which from the paragraph it occurs in verticillate condition, to divide into several paragraphs same as the principal axis, between the paragraph in the internode cell, be a paragraph cell in the part of the paragraph, here genital organ is attached.

As for the internode cell, in the cell where length reaches to also several cm, the liquid placenta occupies the center. In protoplasm around, protoplasm flow. The protoplasm flow which is seen here is famous by the fact that the flow is quick. The rhizoid coming out of the root, the plant body is locked.

Genital organThere is distinction of the male genital organ and the female genital organ, both lining up sometimes, it occurs. As for the male genital organ being globose, in spermatozoonAntheridiumAlso you say. As for the female genital organ with pot type, as for the wall around being something where 5 cells line up mutually it is formed. There is an entrance on the center where the projection where these cells are twisted helically, occur in the respective point lines up. Inside oneOosporeHas entered.

life cycle

The plant body is one phase. The egg cell matures in the archegonium. The spermatozoon is formed in the structure spirit thread which inside the antheridium is, swims outside and comes out. The spermatozoon to be long, from the advanced vicinity two flagellum in rear び or せ る.

The spermatozoon invades from the point of the archegonium, makes the egg cell fertilize. As for the Oospore which it fertilizes before germinating, subtrahend separation is done.

With any many things, the Oospore is formed from now on the summer, this crosses over the winter, spring germinates. There are also perennial ones.

Growth environment

As for シャジクモ, as for the part of thatPaddy fieldBecause and you grow even in the shallow irrigation canal, extremely it can see normally. However, other thingsLowland weedWith there is also an area whose decrease is extreme in the same way. Even like the water plant of the seeding child plant in regard to the appearance it is visible, but if it is you grow above, the genital organ is attached every paragraph of the verticillate branch. This having redness, because it is conspicuous, distinction is simple.

There are also some which are grown in the relatively clean flowing water. But, as for many kindsLakes and marshesTo grow, among the place where transparency is not low, in the part where it is deeper than the depth which the water plant of the Spermatophyta grows, when there is an area where the Charophyceae grows thick to be many, thisAxle alga bandWith you say. However, recently, in the lakes and marshes of the every place eutrophication and the like, the influence with artificial disturbance is large, you say that the part which fails with that is large. ホシツリモ (Nitellopsis obtusa) And so on concerning several kinds, with wildness extermination it did. Nojiri lake, from the fact that it is culture stocks of ホシツリモ fortunately, the attempt which resets this naturally is done.

System and classification

Because the photosynthetic pigment is chlorophyll a and b, extremely in wide sense green algae. But, the car seaweed the form is unique even in the seaweed. In seaweed such as the point which is formed from the wall where the genital organ consists of the plural cells there is no example in other things. Therefore there is many a thing which is taken the classification which independently makes one gate form.

On the other hand, that form land plant, as for structure of the archegonium on the other handMossAnd so on it has been similar. However, this structure is not considered that of the moss and is homologous with. But, in addition, from various features, it is thought the thing where this type is closest to the land plant. Because of that, there is also the thought of including this to the plant boundary. In addition, from the relationship of that, green algae, ( connecting seaweed) When and so on how many groups and it includes to the broad Charophyceae, it is.

Only the シャジクモ eye is put on the Charophyceae of narrow sense. As for being typical シャジクモ being attached (Chara) With フラスコモ being attached (Nitella) It is two. シャジクモ being attached any フラスコモ being attached things, the verticillate branch doing 2 and ramification is feature vis-a-vis the verticillate branch not producing the branch. As for being seen familiarly often シャジクモ is more, but in the Japanese country フラスコモ as for genus is much more.

Axle alga eye Charales シャジクモ course Characeae

• シャジクモChara
• フラスコモNitella
• フラスコモダマシTolypella
• ホシツリモNitellopsis
• Lamprothamnium

Utilization and the like

There is no aspect which is utilized almost. The time as a water plant aquarium and times when it is used in the experimental material of protoplasm flow.