Al-Andalus

Al Andalus (in : ???????) it was the name given to for its of . It is mentioned jointly, therefore, to emirate (c. 750-929) e (929-1031) as well as the its successive ones . Of one it forms generality, all mentions the Iberian territory to it during the occupation (–). With it reconquers of the territories for , descending of , that they had resisted in a region of , in the north of , in the process that was assigned historicamente for , the name al-Andalus one was adjusting to the each lesser time territory under Arab occupation, in the south half of , approximately the same area of the old province Roman Hispânia Bética, whose borders gradually had been pushed for south, until the a taking of Granada for Kings Catholics.

Chronology

1º period: In the first times, Muslim was governed for the emirs dependent of Califado de Damasco (1º period).

2º period: Later, the emirate becomes independent, fixes capital it in Córdova e the emirs take the heading of , establishing itself thus Califado de Córdova;

3º period: Finda the hegemony of the family of the first-minister , starts anarchy, for the ambition of the generals, and decomposition of the Califado is given to it. Thus Dos Reis starts 3º period - not conforming: Córdova abolished the Califado, proclaiming the Republic, and with the disaggregation of the Califado they form for all the Hispânia we variadíssimos small independent and rival states (). Using to advantage such clutter, the Christians hurry the movement of .

The population under the Muslim domain was very heterogénea and constituted of Arabs and berberes, one and other Muslen, moçárabes (is - that, under the Muslim domain they had conserved its religion, but the forms of exterior life of the Muslen adoptaram), or arabicized and Jewish Christians.

Moçárabes that they constituíam the majority of the population enjoyed of freedom of worship and had proper laws, but I change it of these advantages were obliged to the payment of two tributes: the personal tax of capitation, and land tax on the income of lands.

Few years after the Muslim invasion, Christians (Hispanic-godos e -) acantonados in the serranias of the North and the Northwest of the Peninsula, had initiated of the territory, forming that they had been extended successively for the south.

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