State

Gosuda?rstvo - the special organization political the authority the society, that occupies that determined the territory, that possesses its own by control system and possessing internal and external by the sovereignty. Term usually is used in lawful and political contexts. At present entire land on the planet Earth, with exception also of some other territories, is divided between approximately two hundred fifty states.

Content

Determination of the state

Not in to the science, not in international law there does not exist the united and universally recognized determination of the concept of "state".

Determination of state in international law

In 2005 there does not exist the juridical determination of state, acknowledged as all countries of peace. Largest the international organization — UNITED NATIONS - it does not have authorities to determine, is anything state. «The acknowledgement of new state or government - this is the report, which can complete or refuse to complete only the states and governments. As a rule, it indicates the readiness to establish the diplomatic relations. The United Nations - these are not state and not government, and therefore it possesses no authorities to recognize one or other state or another or government.» [ 1 ]

One of a few documents, which give the determination of "state" in international law, Convention of Montevideo, signed in 1933 by several American states. Russia or USSR it it did not sign.

Determination of state in the science

The textbook "general theory of right and state" proposes the following determination of state - this "the special organization the political authority the society, that has available special apparatus of coercion, that expresses will and interests of that ruling the class or entire people"(general theory of right and state: Textbook. Under red. Lazarev v. V. M.1994. S.23). The explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Of ozhegova and To shvedovoy gives two values: «1. Basic political organization of society, which accomplishes its control, the protection of its economic and social structure"and"2. Country, which is found under the administration of the political organization, which achieves protection of its economic and social structure."

Etymology

Word "the state"in the Russian language it is definitely connected with the word "the sovereign"(name of prince- ruler in ancient Russia). Accordingly, in the Russian language word "the state"it was directly connected s by the personal authority man (sovereign, prince, ruler).

State or the country?

Although the concept the country and the state frequently they are used as synonymous, between them is an essential difference.

In the concept the state support is done on political the system of authority, established in the specific territory, while the concept the country rather it relates k cultural, general geographic (generality of territory) and to other factors. Concept the country it is less official than the concept the state. Similar difference exists also in the English with the words country (which is nearer to the concept the country) and state (the state), although in the defined contexts they can come out as interchanged.

For example, The Britain empire it was united by the state, that consisted of many the countries (the metropole and the set the colonies).

Origin of the state

Unanimous opinion about the reasons of the appearance of state there does not exist. There are several theories, which explain the origin of state; however, none of them can be final truth. The most ancient well-known states are the states of the ancient east (in the territory of the contemporary , , , China).

Theories of the origin of the state:

State the Russian Federation - Russia

In article 1 Constitutions RF it is recorded, that "The Russian Federation - Russia exists ... the state ...".

States of the peace

At present in UNITED NATIONS enter 191 member states.

One additional state - Vatican - it is officially acknowledged as the majority of states, but it is not the term UNITED NATIONS.

Seven public educations - (Abkhaziya, Highland Karabakh, To pridnestrov'e, North Cyprus, Somalilend, Taiwan, South Osetia) - they are states actually, but either they are not acknowledged by other states or they are acknowledged as an insufficient quantity of other states, and their status is questionable.

Two countries (West Sahara, Palestine) they are acknowledged by many states, but they are not actually independent variables.

Thus, it is possible with confidence to speak about existence of 192 states. Status of the remaining countries (unacknowledged states, West Sahara, Palestine) it is questionable.

Complete article: List of the states

Characteristics of the state

Each state usually is characterized by the form of the state administration, by the form of the political system and by the political regime.

Forms of the state administration

Forms of the political system

The political regime

Cm. also

 

  > Russian to English > ru.wikipedia.org (Machine translated into English)